Orün Emel, Erdil Zeynep, Cetinkaya Semra, Tufan Naile, Yalçin S Songül
Department of Pediatrics, Fatih University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2012 Dec;20(4):257-61. doi: 10.21101/cejph.a3748.
The aim of this study was to determine prevalence of problematic eating behaviour (PEB), associated risk factors, feeding practices including place of meal, variety of diet, and habits of consuming junk food, the mothers' perception of the child growth status in comparison to his/ her peers, and the effects on anthropometric measurements.
This study was carried out among children aged 12-72 months who attended the outpatient clinic in the Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital between February-June 2007. Three hundred and thirty-one mothers of children were asked to complete an extensive questionnaire covering socio-demographic characteristics and their child's general eating behaviour and feeding practices at mealtimes. Children with PEB were identified based on their mothers' statements.
Three hundred and thirty-one cases were 3.32 +/- 1.39 years old. One hundred thirty-five mothers reported having a child with PEB. The mothers described the children's problematic behaviour as: need to walk around with the child during mealtime (45.6%), watching TV during meals (41.9%), picky or fussy eating (39%), vomiting and/or retching (25.7%), retaining food in the mouth for a long time (20.6%), and not eating solid foods (11.8%). In children who had ate neither meat nor vegetables and fruits, took cod-liver oil-containing supplement during the course of the study, and had taken iron supplements in the first year of life, PEB was more frequent than in others. The mean z scores of weight for age (WAZ) were significantly lower in cases with PEB than without PEB.
Counselling and supporting of the mother/caregiver could alleviate the effect of inappropriate solutions taken by families. Insistence on composing of the diet variety including especially vegetables, fruits and meat may be promoted by provision of alternative cooking/presentation samples to mothers of children who refuse some foods. Pediatricians should be alerted that lower WAZ values may be a warning indicating a problem which may cause stagnated growth in children with PEB.
本研究旨在确定问题饮食行为（PEB）的患病率、相关风险因素、喂养方式（包括用餐地点、饮食种类以及食用垃圾食品的习惯）、母亲对孩子与同龄人相比生长状况的认知，以及对人体测量指标的影响。
本研究于2007年2月至6月在伊桑·多格拉马西儿童医院门诊就诊的12至72个月大的儿童中进行。331名儿童的母亲被要求填写一份涵盖社会人口学特征以及孩子用餐时一般饮食行为和喂养方式的详细问卷。根据母亲的陈述确定有PEB的儿童。
331例儿童年龄为3.32±1.39岁。135名母亲报告自己的孩子有PEB。母亲们描述孩子的问题行为为：用餐时需要带着孩子走动（45.6%）、吃饭时看电视（41.9%）、挑食或偏食（39%）、呕吐和/或干呕（25.7%）、长时间将食物含在口中（20.6%）以及不吃固体食物（11.8%）。在既不吃肉也不吃蔬菜和水果、在研究期间服用含鱼肝油补充剂且在出生后第一年服用铁补充剂的儿童中，PEB比其他儿童更常见。有PEB的儿童年龄别体重（WAZ）的平均z评分显著低于无PEB的儿童。
对母亲/照顾者进行咨询和支持可以减轻家庭采取的不适当解决办法的影响。对于拒绝某些食物的儿童的母亲，通过提供替代烹饪/呈现方式的样本，可能会促使她们坚持提供包括特别是蔬菜、水果和肉类的多样化饮食。儿科医生应警惕较低的WAZ值可能是一个警告，表明存在可能导致有PEB的儿童生长停滞的问题。
