Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Río Cuarto, Argentina.
J Appl Microbiol. 2013 Sep;115(3):637-43. doi: 10.1111/jam.12178. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
The present revision shows the early and current knowledge in the field of silage fungi and mycotoxins explaining the relevance of fungi and mycotoxins in silage. The problem does not end in animal disease or production losses as mycotoxins in feed can lead to the presence of their metabolic products in dairy products, which will be eventually affecting human health, mainly infants. Silage is green forage preserved by lactic fermentation under anaerobic conditions. This ecosystem maintains its quality and nutritional value depending on interactions among physical, chemical and biological agents. Forages used for ensilage are naturally in contact with yeasts and filamentous fungi, and the contamination often occurs in the field and can also occur during harvesting, transport, storage. Moreover, postharvest poor management can lead to a rapid spoilage. Studies on fungal contamination of dairy cattle feed have shown how corn silage influences the contamination degree of feed supplied to livestock. Increasing knowledge in this area will help elucidate the influence that this microbiota exerts on production and/or degradation of mycotoxins present in silage. Some of these fungi, although opportunist pathogens, are relevant epidemiologically and represent a high risk of contamination to farm workers who handle them improperly.
本修订版展示了青贮真菌和霉菌毒素领域的早期和当前知识，解释了真菌和霉菌毒素在青贮中的相关性。这个问题不仅会导致动物疾病或生产损失，因为饲料中的霉菌毒素会导致其代谢产物出现在乳制品中，最终影响人类健康，尤其是婴儿的健康。青贮是通过厌氧发酵保存的绿色饲料。这个生态系统的质量和营养价值取决于物理、化学和生物因素之间的相互作用。用于青贮的饲料在自然状态下会与酵母和丝状真菌接触，污染通常发生在田间，也可能发生在收获、运输和储存过程中。此外，收获后的管理不善会导致饲料迅速变质。对奶牛饲料中真菌污染的研究表明，玉米青贮如何影响牲畜所供应饲料的污染程度。在这方面增加知识将有助于阐明这种微生物对青贮中存在的霉菌毒素的产生和/或降解的影响。其中一些真菌虽然是机会性病原体，但在流行病学上具有重要意义，对处理不当的农场工人构成很高的污染风险。
