Andersen E, Fledelius H C, Føns M, Haugsted R
Department of Pediatrics, Frederiksborg County Hospital, Hillerød.
Dan Med Bull. 1990 Apr;37(2):182-5.
In an epidemiological study of a county cohort of 4,138 liveborn children, surveyed at age four, 45 had disability (1.1%). The following period prevalences from birth to age four in per mille were found: motor handicap 5.1, to include cerebral palsy 4.1, myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus 0.5, and metabolic disorders 0.5; severe mental retardation 2.9, mild 1.4, subnormality 2.7; epilepsy 4.6; severe visual defect 1.4; severe auditory defect 0.7. Perinatal damage alone was likely in only three children out of 45. Two thirds had a prenatal cause or a combination of prenatal and perinatal causes. Birth asphyxia seemed to be a rare cause of motor disability and mental retardation. Prematurity per se gave a risk of spastic diplegia, but not of mental retardation. Among the mentally retarded, half were light for gestational age, and in more than half, the damage occurred prenatally.
在一项针对一个县4138名活产儿童队列的流行病学研究中，对4岁儿童进行调查发现，有45名儿童存在残疾（1.1%）。以下是从出生到4岁以千分率表示的期间患病率：运动障碍5.1，其中包括脑瘫4.1、脊髓脊膜膨出和脑积水0.5以及代谢紊乱0.5；重度智力迟钝2.9，轻度1.4，智力低下2.7；癫痫4.6；严重视力缺陷1.4；严重听力缺陷0.7。在45名儿童中，仅3名儿童可能是单纯的围产期损伤所致。三分之二的儿童有产前病因或产前与围产期病因的组合。出生窒息似乎是运动残疾和智力迟钝的罕见病因。早产本身会导致痉挛性双瘫的风险，但不会导致智力迟钝。在智力迟钝儿童中，一半为小于胎龄儿，且一半以上的损伤发生在产前。
