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本文引用的文献

1
Altered neural function in pediatric bipolar disorder during reversal learning.儿童双相障碍在反向学习中神经功能的改变。
Bipolar Disord. 2010 Nov;12(7):707-19. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2010.00863.x.
2
Endophenotypes: bridging genomic complexity and disorder heterogeneity.内表型：连接基因组复杂性与疾病异质性
Biol Psychiatry. 2009 Dec 1;66(11):988-9. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.10.008.
3
Impaired probabilistic reversal learning in youths with mood and anxiety disorders.心境和焦虑障碍青少年的概率反转学习受损。
Psychol Med. 2010 Jul;40(7):1089-100. doi: 10.1017/S0033291709991462. Epub 2009 Oct 12.
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Relation between amygdala structure and function in adolescents with bipolar disorder.双相情感障碍青少年杏仁核结构与功能的关系。
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Jun;48(6):636-642. doi: 10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819f6fbc.
5
Subcortical differences among youths with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder compared to those with bipolar disorder with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.与患有和未患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的双相情感障碍青少年相比，患有注意力缺陷多动障碍的青少年的皮质下差异。
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol. 2009 Feb;19(1):31-9. doi: 10.1089/cap.2008.041.
6
Facial emotion labeling deficits in children and adolescents at risk for bipolar disorder.有双相情感障碍风险的儿童和青少年的面部情绪识别缺陷
Am J Psychiatry. 2008 Mar;165(3):385-9. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2007.06122050. Epub 2008 Feb 1.
7
Diagnostic and sex effects on limbic volumes in early-onset bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.早发性双相情感障碍和精神分裂症中诊断及性别对边缘系统体积的影响。
Schizophr Bull. 2008 Jan;34(1):37-46. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbm120. Epub 2007 Nov 13.
8
Neural activation during encoding of emotional faces in pediatric bipolar disorder.小儿双相情感障碍中情绪面孔编码过程中的神经激活
Bipolar Disord. 2007 Nov;9(7):679-92. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2007.00418.x.
9
National trends in the outpatient diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in youth.青少年双相情感障碍门诊诊断与治疗的全国趋势。
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007 Sep;64(9):1032-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.64.9.1032.
10
Cognitive flexibility in phenotypes of pediatric bipolar disorder.儿童双相情感障碍表型中的认知灵活性。
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007 Mar;46(3):341-355. doi: 10.1097/chi.0b013e31802d0b3d.

诊断困境：为何我们需要改变儿童双相情感障碍的诊断方式。

The diagnostic dilemma: why we need to change how we diagnose bipolar disorder in children.

作者信息

Dickstein Daniel

出版信息

Cerebrum. 2010 Nov;2010:23. Epub 2010 Nov 10.

PMID:23447768
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3574781/
Abstract

Bipolar disorder diagnosis has been rising dramatically in children for the past decade. In response to this increase, writes Daniel Dickstein, M.D., of Bradley Hospital and Brown University, researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and elsewhere are reviewing the diagnostic criteria. In coming years, Dickstein argues, recognizing and diagnosing bipolar disorder in children should be based more on biological markers, such as brain structure and the use of neural circuits, than on the inconsistent diagnostic categories laid out in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

摘要

在过去十年中，儿童双相情感障碍的诊断率急剧上升。布拉德利医院和布朗大学的医学博士丹尼尔·迪克斯坦写道，针对这一增长趋势，美国国立精神卫生研究所及其他机构的研究人员正在重新审视诊断标准。迪克斯坦认为，在未来几年，儿童双相情感障碍的识别和诊断应更多地基于生物学标志物，如大脑结构和神经回路的运用，而不是基于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》中不一致的诊断类别。