Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Pb 4014 Ullevaal Stadion, Oslo, N-0806, Norway.
Am J Sports Med. 2013 May;41(5):1067-73. doi: 10.1177/0363546513479341. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Based on visual video analyses of 20 injury situations, the main mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in World Cup alpine skiing, termed the "slip-catch" mechanism, was identified. This situation is characterized by a common pattern in which the inside edge of the outer ski catches the snow surface while turning, forcing the knee into valgus and tibial internal rotation. To describe the exact joint kinematics at the time of injury, a more sophisticated approach is needed.
To describe the knee and hip kinematics in 2 slip-catch situations utilizing a model-based image-matching (MBIM) technique.
Descriptive laboratory study.
Two typical slip-catch situations in World Cup alpine skiing reported through the International Ski Federation (FIS) Injury Surveillance System were captured on video with several camera views and high video quality. The injury situations were analyzed using the MBIM technique to produce continuous measurements of knee and hip joint kinematics.
Within 60 milliseconds, the knee flexion angle increased rapidly from 26° to 63° in case 1 and from 39° to 69° in case 2. In the same period, we observed a rapid increase in internal rotation of the tibia with a peak of 12° and 9°, respectively. The knee valgus angle changed less markedly in both cases. We also observed a rapid increase of hip flexion as well as substantial hip internal rotation.
Knee compression and knee internal rotation and abduction torque are important components of the injury mechanism in a slip-catch situation.
Prevention efforts should focus on avoiding a forceful tibial internal rotation in combination with knee valgus.
基于对 20 个受伤情况的视觉视频分析，确定了世界杯高山滑雪中前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤的主要机制，称为“滑抓”机制。这种情况的特点是一种常见的模式，即外滑雪板的内边缘在转弯时抓住雪面，迫使膝盖呈外翻和胫骨内旋。为了描述受伤时的确切关节运动学，需要更复杂的方法。
利用基于模型的图像匹配（MBIM）技术描述 2 种滑抓情况下的膝关节和髋关节运动学。
描述性实验室研究。
国际滑雪联合会（FIS）伤害监测系统报告的 2 个典型滑抓情况通过多个摄像机视图和高质量视频进行了视频捕捉。使用 MBIM 技术对受伤情况进行分析，以产生膝关节和髋关节运动学的连续测量值。
在 60 毫秒内，膝关节屈曲角度在案例 1 中从 26°快速增加到 63°，在案例 2 中从 39°增加到 69°。在同一时期，我们观察到胫骨内旋迅速增加，峰值分别为 12°和 9°。在两种情况下，膝关节外翻角度变化都不明显。我们还观察到髋关节屈曲的快速增加以及髋关节的大量内旋。
膝关节压缩、膝关节内旋和外展扭矩是滑抓情况下损伤机制的重要组成部分。
预防措施应重点避免胫骨内旋与膝盖外翻相结合。
