踏上雪道之前:运动员和工作人员对高性能雪上运动中热身与激活的看法。

Before hitting the slopes: athlete and staff perspectives on warm-up and activation in high-performance snowsports.

作者信息

Beck Lisa, Bekker Sheree, Verhagen Evert, Bolling Caroline, Spörri Jörg

机构信息

Sports Medical Research Group, Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

University Centre for Prevention and Sports Medicine, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

出版信息

BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2024 Jan 8;10(1):e001643. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001643. eCollection 2024.

Abstract

To explore warm-up and activation (W&A) practices in high-performance snowsports to describe their importance, application and potential improvements based on the perspectives of elite-level athletes and staff members. Qualitative study consisting of semistructured interviews with 13 international elite-level athletes, on-snow coaches, strength and conditioning coaches, sports physiotherapists and sports psychologists from different snowsports and subdisciplines: alpine skiing, freestyle skiing (park and pipe, aerials, moguls) and snowboarding (park and pipe, snowboard cross). The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed based on the principles of grounded theory. The main themes raised by the participants were (1) the importance of readiness for sports participation as the motive for W&A, (2) how readiness is reached with a structured W&A routine and (3) the different athlete-specific, task-specific and environmental-specific factors for optimal W&A. Athletes and staff members considered W&A an essential measure to get physically and mentally ready for sports participation. Being ready was described as a key factor for performance and injury prevention. For these athletes, adherence to W&A was the result of a process of experiencing the beneficial effects of W&A and learning from sustaining one or more injuries. Broad implementation of basic physical and mental W&A at the youth level was considered an important measure to increase the overall adoption of W&A as an inherent part of training and competition. At the elite level, W&A is performed to reach athletes' mental and physical readiness for performance enhancement and injury prevention. W&A is acknowledged as a complex and dynamic programme and is typically adapted to sport-specific demands, injury risks, environmental circumstances and individual needs and preferences. Overall, this study provides valuable contextual insights into the complexity of W&A and the factors that need to be considered to make sport-specific recommendations.

摘要

探讨高性能雪上运动中的热身与激活(W&A)做法,从精英运动员和工作人员的角度描述其重要性、应用及潜在改进措施。定性研究包括对13名国际精英运动员、雪上教练、体能教练、运动物理治疗师和运动心理学家进行半结构化访谈,这些人员来自不同的雪上运动项目和子领域:高山滑雪、自由式滑雪(公园和U型场地、空中技巧、雪上技巧)和单板滑雪(公园和U型场地、单板障碍追逐)。访谈内容逐字转录,并根据扎根理论原则进行分析。参与者提出的主要主题包括:(1)将运动参与准备就绪作为W&A的动机的重要性;(2)如何通过结构化的W&A常规流程实现准备就绪;(3)实现最佳W&A的不同的运动员特定、任务特定和环境特定因素。运动员和工作人员认为W&A是为运动参与做好身心准备的一项基本措施。准备就绪被描述为表现和预防受伤的关键因素。对于这些运动员来说,坚持W&A是一个体验W&A有益效果并从遭受一次或多次伤病中吸取教训的过程的结果。在青少年层面广泛实施基本的身心W&A被认为是提高W&A作为训练和比赛固有组成部分的整体采用率的一项重要措施。在精英层面,进行W&A是为了让运动员在身心上做好提高表现和预防受伤的准备。W&A被认为是一个复杂且动态的计划,通常会根据特定运动的要求、受伤风险、环境情况以及个人需求和偏好进行调整。总体而言,本研究为W&A的复杂性以及做出特定运动建议时需要考虑的因素提供了有价值的背景见解。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c5c2/10806637/2d2ca93d8597/bmjsem-2023-001643f01.jpg

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