Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
Annu Rev Plant Biol. 2013;64:293-325. doi: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050312-120035. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
The expression of nuclear protein-coding genes is controlled by dynamic mechanisms ranging from DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and gene transcription to mRNA maturation, turnover, and translation and the posttranslational control of protein function. A genome-scale assessment of the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression is essential for a comprehensive understanding of gene regulatory networks. However, there are major obstacles to the precise evaluation of gene regulation in multicellular plant organs; these include the monitoring of regulatory processes at levels other than steady-state transcript abundance, resolution of gene regulation in individual cells or cell types, and effective assessment of transient gene activity manifested during development or in response to external cues. This review surveys the advantages and applications of microgenomics technologies that enable panoramic quantitation of cell-type-specific expression in plants, focusing on the importance of querying gene activity at multiple steps in the continuum, from histone modification to selective translation.
核蛋白编码基因的表达受多种动态机制的调控，从 DNA 甲基化、染色质修饰、基因转录到 mRNA 成熟、周转和翻译，以及蛋白质功能的翻译后调控。对基因表达的时空调控进行全基因组评估对于全面理解基因调控网络至关重要。然而，在多细胞植物器官中精确评估基因调控存在主要障碍；这些障碍包括监测除稳态转录丰度以外的调控过程、在单个细胞或细胞类型中解析基因调控，以及有效评估发育过程中或对外界线索响应时表现出的瞬时基因活性。本文综述了微基因组学技术的优势和应用，这些技术可实现植物中细胞类型特异性表达的全景定量，重点介绍了在从组蛋白修饰到选择性翻译的连续体中，在多个步骤上查询基因活性的重要性。
