Division of Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine, Ospedali Riuniti di Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.
Thromb Res. 2013 Jan;131 Suppl 1:S59-62. doi: 10.1016/S0049-3848(13)70024-0.
Patients with cancer are at high risk of developing thrombosis. The pathogenesis of blood coagulation activation in cancer patients is complex involves both clinical and biological factors. The thrombotic risk varies according to the type of malignancy and its disease stage, and is increased by concomitant patient-related thrombotic risk factors (i.e. advanced age, infection, heart disease). In addition, the tumor cell-specific prothrombotic properties and the host cell inflammatory response dramatically contribute to the risk of thrombosis in these patients. The current development of risk assessment models to predict thrombosis in cancer is important for identifying high-risk patients and predispose the adequate preventive measures. In this review we provide an overview of the principal mechanisms of thrombosis in cancer, including clinical and biological risk factors, and a summary of risk assessment tools to predict thrombosis in the single patient.
癌症患者存在发生血栓的高风险。癌症患者血液凝固激活的发病机制较为复杂，涉及临床和生物学因素。血栓风险取决于恶性肿瘤的类型及其疾病分期，同时伴有患者相关的血栓形成危险因素（如高龄、感染、心脏病）时会增加。此外，肿瘤细胞的促血栓形成特性和宿主细胞炎症反应显著增加了这些患者发生血栓的风险。目前开发用于预测癌症患者血栓形成的风险评估模型对于识别高危患者并采取适当的预防措施非常重要。在这篇综述中，我们概述了癌症患者血栓形成的主要机制，包括临床和生物学危险因素，并总结了用于预测单个患者血栓形成风险的评估工具。
