Department of Biological Sciences, Campus Stop 8007, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID 83209-8007, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2013 May;67(2):404-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.005. Epub 2013 Feb 20.
Bamboos are large perennial grasses of temperate and tropical forests worldwide. Two general growth forms exist: the economically and ecologically important woody bamboos (tribes Arundinarieae and Bambuseae), and the understory herbaceous bamboos (tribe Olyreae). Evolutionary relationships among the 1400+described species have been difficult to resolve with confidence. Comparative analysis of bamboo plastid (chloroplast) DNA has revealed three to five major lineages that show distinct biogeographic distributions. Taxon sampling across tribes and subtribes has been incomplete and most published data sets include a relatively small number of nucleotide characters. Branching order among lineages is often poorly supported, and in more than one study herbaceous bamboos form a clade within the woody bamboos. In this paper, the Bamboo Phylogeny Group presents the most complete phylogeny estimation to date of bamboo tribes and subtribes using 6.7 kb of coding and noncoding sequence data and 37 microstructural characters from the chloroplast genome. Quality of data is assessed, as is the possibility of long branch attraction, the degree of character conflict at key nodes in the tree, and the legitimacy of three alternative hypotheses of relationship. Four major plastid lineages are recognized: temperate woody, paleotropical woody, neotropical woody, and herbaceous bamboos. Woody bamboos are resolved as paraphyletic with respect to Olyreae but SH tests cannot reject monophyly of woody species (Arundinarieae+Bambuseae).
竹子是全球温带和热带森林中大型多年生草本植物。存在两种主要的生长形式：具有经济和生态重要性的木本竹子（芦竹族和竹亚科），和林下草本竹子（北美箭竹族）。1400 多种已描述的物种之间的进化关系很难确定。对竹子质体（叶绿体）DNA 的比较分析揭示了三个到五个主要谱系，它们具有明显的生物地理分布。跨部落和亚部落的分类群采样并不完整，并且大多数已发表的数据集包含相对较少的核苷酸特征。谱系之间的分支顺序通常支持不足，在一项以上的研究中，草本竹子形成木本竹子内部的一个分支。在本文中，竹子系统发育组使用来自叶绿体基因组的 6.7 kb 编码和非编码序列数据以及 37 个微观结构特征，展示了迄今为止最完整的竹子部落和亚部落的系统发育估计。评估了数据的质量，以及长枝吸引的可能性、树中关键节点处特征冲突的程度，以及三种替代关系假说的合法性。识别出四个主要的质体谱系：温带木本、古热带木本、新热带木本和草本竹子。木本竹子相对于北美箭竹族是并系的，但 SH 检验不能拒绝木本物种（芦竹族+竹亚科）的单系性。
