Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickevičiaus 9, 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2012;48(11):595-604.
The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the prevalence of smoking, alcohol and drug use among Lithuanian school-aged children in relation to the place of residence, family affluence, and family structure. MATERIAL AND METHODS. National surveys (26 556 anonymous questionnaires analyzed) of schoolchildren aged 11, 13, and 15 years were conducted in 1994, 1998, 2002, 2006, and 2010 in the framework of the international Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study. RESULTS. In 1994-2010, a significant increase in smoking prevalence was observed both among boys (11.3% to 21.5%, P<0.05) and girls (3.6% to 14.8%, P<0.05). Weekly alcohol consumption increased from 9.6% to 12.9% (P<0.05) among boys and from 4.3% to 7.9% (P<0.05) among girls. The prevalence of "ever use" of any psychoactive substance (data for 15-year-old group only) increased both in boys (14.6% to 33.5%) and girls (6.7% to 18.4%). Urban girls smoked more often than their rural peers. For both genders, such a residential gradient was observed in the use of alcohol and drugs. The respondents from intact families used drugs less frequently than the adolescents from not intact families. The adolescents from affluent families smoked less often, while the prevalence of alcohol and drug use was higher (except weekly alcohol use in girls). CONCLUSIONS. The study has demonstrated a significant increase in the prevalence of smoking, drinking, and drug use among Lithuanian school-aged children during the period of transition to market economy. This study provides some insight that should be addressed in equity-oriented control policies of substance use.
本研究旨在分析立陶宛学龄儿童吸烟、饮酒和吸毒行为的变化，及其与居住地、家庭富裕程度和家庭结构的关系。
材料和方法。1994 年、1998 年、2002 年、2006 年和 2010 年，在国际学生健康行为纵向研究（HBSC）框架下，对 11、13 和 15 岁的在校儿童进行了全国性调查（共分析了 26556 份匿名问卷）。
结果。1994 年至 2010 年，男孩（从 11.3%增至 21.5%，P<0.05）和女孩（从 3.6%增至 14.8%，P<0.05）的吸烟率显著上升。男孩每周饮酒量从 9.6%增至 12.9%（P<0.05），女孩从 4.3%增至 7.9%（P<0.05）。仅在 15 岁组中，任何精神活性物质（数据）的“曾使用”率在男孩（从 14.6%增至 33.5%）和女孩（从 6.7%增至 18.4%）中均有所上升。城市女孩比农村女孩更经常吸烟。对于两种性别，在饮酒和使用毒品方面均观察到这种居住梯度。来自完整家庭的受访者比来自不完整家庭的青少年使用毒品的频率更低。来自富裕家庭的青少年吸烟频率较低，而酒精和药物的使用频率较高（女孩中每周饮酒除外）。
结论。本研究表明，在向市场经济过渡期间，立陶宛学龄儿童吸烟、饮酒和吸毒的比例显著增加。本研究提供了一些见解，这些见解应在以公平为导向的物质使用控制政策中得到解决。
