Department of Biological Science, Ecology and Evolution, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Drive, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4295, USA,
Oecologia. 2013 Oct;173(2):473-82. doi: 10.1007/s00442-013-2629-4. Epub 2013 Mar 3.
Perennial plants interact with herbivores and pollinators across multiple growing seasons, and thus may respond to herbivores and pollinators both within and across years. Joint effects of herbivores and pollinators influence plant traits, but while some of the potential interactions among herbivory, pollination, plant size, and plant reproductive traits have been well studied, others are poorly understood. This is particularly true for perennial plants where effects of herbivores and pollinators may manifest across years. Here, we describe two experiments addressing the reciprocal interactions of plant traits with herbivore damage and pollination across 2 years using the perennial plant Chamerion angustifolium. We measured (1) plant responses to manipulation of damage and pollination in the year of treatment and the subsequent season, (2) damage and pollination responses to manipulation of plant size and flowering traits in the year of treatment, and (3) plant-mediated indirect interactions between herbivores and pollinators. We found that plant traits had little effect on damage and pollination, but damage and pollination affected plant traits in both the treatment year and the subsequent year. We found evidence of indirect effects between leaf herbivores and pollinators in both directions; indirect effects of pollinators on leaf herbivores have not been previously demonstrated. Our results indicate that pollen receipt results in shorter plants with fewer stems but does not change flower number, while leaf herbivory results in taller plants with fewer flowers. Together, herbivory and pollination may contribute to intermediate plant height and plants with fewer stems and flowers in our system.
多年生植物在多个生长季节与草食动物和传粉者相互作用，因此可能会对内和跨年内的草食动物和传粉者做出反应。草食动物和传粉者的联合效应影响植物特征，但虽然草食作用、传粉、植物大小和植物繁殖特征之间的一些潜在相互作用已经得到很好的研究，但其他相互作用则知之甚少。对于多年生植物来说尤其如此，因为草食动物和传粉者的影响可能会在多年内显现。在这里，我们描述了两个实验，使用多年生植物 Chamérierion angustifolium，在两年内研究了植物特征与草食动物损害和传粉的相互作用。我们测量了 (1) 植物对当年处理时的损害和传粉操纵的反应，以及随后的季节，(2) 当年处理时植物大小和开花特征操纵对损害和传粉的反应，以及 (3) 植物介导的草食动物和传粉者之间的间接相互作用。我们发现植物特征对损害和传粉的影响很小，但损害和传粉对当年和次年的植物特征都有影响。我们发现了叶片草食动物和传粉者之间的间接作用的证据；传粉者对叶片草食动物的间接影响以前没有被证明过。我们的结果表明，花粉接收导致植物变矮，茎数减少，但花数不变，而叶片草食导致植物变高，花数减少。总之，在我们的系统中，草食和传粉可能会导致植物处于中等高度，并且茎和花的数量较少。
