Rudolf-Virchow-Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Wuerzburg, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013 Mar 1;5(3):a012591. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a012591.
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) has allowed bacteria to flourish in many different niches around the globe that inflict harsh environmental damage to their genetic material. NER is remarkable because of its diverse substrate repertoire, which differs greatly in chemical composition and structure. Recent advances in structural biology and single-molecule studies have given great insight into the structure and function of NER components. This ensemble of proteins orchestrates faithful removal of toxic DNA lesions through a multistep process. The damaged nucleotide is recognized by dynamic probing of the DNA structure that is then verified and marked for dual incisions followed by excision of the damage and surrounding nucleotides. The opposite DNA strand serves as a template for repair, which is completed after resynthesis and ligation.
核苷酸切除修复 (NER) 使细菌能够在全球许多不同的小生境中繁衍生息，这些小生境对其遗传物质造成了严重的环境破坏。NER 的显著之处在于其具有多样化的底物谱，这些底物在化学组成和结构上有很大的不同。结构生物学和单分子研究的最新进展极大地深入了解了 NER 成分的结构和功能。这组蛋白质通过多步过程协调忠实去除有毒 DNA 损伤。受损的核苷酸通过对 DNA 结构的动态探测来识别，然后对其进行验证并标记进行双切口，随后切除损伤和周围核苷酸。相反的 DNA 链作为修复的模板，在完成合成和连接后完成修复。
