Division of Pediatrics, Department of Clinical Sciences, University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden.
Acta Paediatr. 2013 Jun;102(6):625-34. doi: 10.1111/apa.12219. Epub 2013 Mar 26.
We investigated a national cohort of children born extremely immature (<26 weeks gestation, EI) regarding the nature, frequency and severity of the behavioural problems related to the executive functions (EF) and concerning learning skills, from the perspectives of parents and teachers.
At 11 years of age 86 of 89 survivors of this cohort were studied and compared with an equal number of controls. Behaviours related to EF, and learning skills were assessed by a validated instrument, namely the Five to Fifteen questionnaire sent by mail to parents and teachers.
Compared with controls, parents of EI children reported significantly more problems in behaviours related to EF in all areas assessed (Attention, Hyperactivity/Impulsivity, Hypoactivity, Planning/Organizing, and Working Memory). Teachers' ratings showed a similar pattern. EI children also displayed deficient skills in the 4 standard measures of learning skills. Multivariate analysis revealed that prematurity, gender and behavioural composite score was associated with learning skills. Only a relatively small proportion of EI children (10-30%) exhibited clinically significant impairments.
Despite a favourable outcome in many school-age children born at the threshold of viability, these are at increased risk of developing behavioural problems related to EF.
我们调查了一个全国性的极不成熟（<26 周妊娠，EI）儿童队列，从父母和教师的角度调查与执行功能（EF）相关的学习技能的行为问题的性质、频率和严重程度。
在 11 岁时，对该队列的 89 名幸存者中的 86 名进行了研究，并与同等数量的对照组进行了比较。通过邮寄给父母和教师的经过验证的 Five to Fifteen 问卷评估与 EF 相关的行为和学习技能。
与对照组相比，EI 儿童的父母报告在所有评估领域（注意力、多动/冲动、活动过度、计划/组织和工作记忆）的与 EF 相关的行为问题明显更多。教师的评价也显示出类似的模式。EI 儿童在 4 项标准学习技能测量中也表现出技能不足。多变量分析显示，早产、性别和行为综合评分与学习技能有关。只有一小部分 EI 儿童（10-30%）表现出临床显著的损伤。
尽管许多在接近生存极限出生的学龄儿童预后良好，但他们有更高的风险发展与 EF 相关的行为问题。
