Department of Pediatrics, University of California-San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
J Fam Psychol. 2013 Apr;27(2):183-93. doi: 10.1037/a0031536. Epub 2013 Mar 4.
This study examined how increased stress in Latino families following an adolescent's childbearing impacts family relationships and the adolescent's siblings. Participants were 243 Mexican American youth (mean age: 13.7 years; 62% girls), or 121 youth who had a pregnant adolescent sister and 122 youth who had an adolescent sister who had never been pregnant. Youth and their mothers were studied at 4 time points across 15 months: The families of pregnant adolescents were studied when the adolescent sister was in her third trimester of pregnancy, and at 2 months, 6 months, and 12 months postpartum; the families of never-pregnant adolescents were studied at like intervals. Individual fixed-effects structural equation models were computed, which control for earlier measures of study constructs and thereby reduce omitted variable bias from preexisting family group differences. Results showed that an adolescent's childbearing was related to increases in family stress, which were related to increases in mothers' harsh parenting and mother-sibling conflict, which, in turn, were related to subsequent increases in siblings' problem behavior. Multiple group analyses revealed that the pathways through which a teenager's childbearing influences siblings operate similarly for girls and boys. Tests of an alternate ordering of model variables indicated a poor fit with the data. Findings provide evidence that the accumulation of stressful family changes following an adolescent's childbearing can negatively impact siblings. Findings also elucidate how family-level stress and disruption experienced across a family transition trickle down to affect family relationships and, in turn, child family members.
本研究考察了青少年生育后拉丁裔家庭压力增加对家庭关系和青少年兄弟姐妹的影响。参与者为 243 名墨西哥裔美国青少年（平均年龄：13.7 岁；62%为女孩），其中 121 名青少年有怀孕的姐姐，122 名青少年有从未怀孕过的姐姐。在 15 个月的时间里，对青少年及其母亲进行了 4 次研究：当青少年姐姐处于怀孕晚期时，对怀孕青少年的家庭进行了研究，然后在 2 个月、6 个月和 12 个月产后进行了研究；对从未怀孕过的青少年的家庭进行了类似的研究。计算了个体固定效应结构方程模型，这些模型控制了研究结构的早期测量值，从而减少了因先前存在的家庭群体差异而导致的遗漏变量偏差。结果表明，青少年的生育与家庭压力的增加有关，而家庭压力的增加又与母亲严厉的育儿方式和母子冲突的增加有关，而母子冲突的增加又与兄弟姐妹随后的问题行为的增加有关。多组分析表明，青少年生育对兄弟姐妹的影响途径在男孩和女孩中是相似的。对模型变量的替代顺序的检验表明，与数据的拟合度较差。研究结果表明，青少年生育后累积的压力家庭变化会对兄弟姐妹产生负面影响。研究结果还阐明了家庭过渡过程中经历的家庭层面的压力和混乱是如何向下传递，影响家庭关系，并进而影响儿童家庭成员的。
