Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Isle of Riems, Germany.
Antiviral Res. 2013 May;98(2):248-60. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.02.007. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
Climatic, environmental and economic changes, as well as the steadily increasing global trade and personal mobility provide ample opportunities for emerging pathogens with zoonotic potential to spread to previously unaffected countries. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is considered to be one of the major emerging disease threats spreading to and within the European Union following an expanding distribution of its main vector, ticks of the genus Hyalomma. Every year more than 1000 human CCHF cases are reported from countries of southeastern Europe and Turkey. CCHFV can cause high case fatality rates and can be transmitted from human to human. There are no vaccine prophylaxis and therapeutic interventions available at present. Several EU-funded research projects focus currently on CCHFV which highlights the awareness for this problem at the European level. As public health deals with questions of prevention on a population level rather than healing and health on an individual level, the analysis of existing data plays a fundamental role to minimize its epidemic potential, by reducing infection risks, and to manage disease outbreaks. This review gives a summary of the current knowledge and data with focus at the interface between public health and CCHFV. Based on this knowledge, guidelines for the risk classification of a region and for outbreak prevention are given. This review will assist decision makers and public health authorities in understanding risk scenarios and in deciding on effective countermeasures, as well as human and veterinary scientists by highlighting existing gaps in knowledge.
气候、环境和经济变化，以及不断增长的全球贸易和人员流动，为具有动物源性病原体潜力的新兴病原体向以前未受影响的国家传播提供了充足的机会。克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（CCHFV）被认为是一种主要的新兴疾病威胁，随着其主要媒介——属壁虱的分布不断扩大，该病毒已经传播到欧盟并在欧盟内部传播。每年有超过 1000 例人类 CCHF 病例报告来自东南欧和土耳其的国家。CCHFV 可导致高病死率，并可在人与人之间传播。目前尚无疫苗预防和治疗干预措施。目前，几个欧盟资助的研究项目都集中在 CCHFV 上，这突显了欧洲层面上对这一问题的认识。由于公共卫生涉及人口层面的预防问题，而不是个人层面的治疗和健康问题，因此分析现有数据对于通过降低感染风险来最小化其流行潜力，以及管理疾病爆发，发挥着基础性作用。本综述总结了公共卫生与 CCHFV 之间的现有知识和数据。在此基础上，给出了区域风险分类和暴发预防的指南。本综述将有助于决策者和公共卫生当局了解风险情况并决定采取有效对策，同时也为人类和兽医科学家提供了突出现有知识空白的机会。
