Hormone and Obesity Center Goettingen, Bahnhofsallee 1d, 37081 Göttingen, Germany.
J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2014 Jan;139:302-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.02.007. Epub 2013 Feb 28.
In postmenopausal women estrogens in combination with progestins have beneficial effects on climacteric complaints and on osteoporosis but this hormone replacement therapy (HRT) bears the risk of increased mammary carcinomas and cardiovascular diseases. Phytoestrogens at low doses have little or no effects on climacteric complaints, at high doses they mimic the effects of estrogens. Therefore other plant derived substances are currently intensively investigated. Extracts of the rhizome of black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa=CR) did not bind to estrogen receptors and were shown to be devoid of estrogenic effects on mammary cancer cells in vitro and on mammary gland and uterine histology in ovariectomized rats. In addition in this rat model the special extract CR BNO 1055 inhibited the occurrence of hot flushes and development of osteoporosis. In postmenopausal women CR BNO 1055 reduced major climacteric complaints as effectively as conjugated estrogens and significantly more than placebo. Similar data were published for other European CR preparations whereas 2 US American preparations were ineffective. This was most likely due to the too high doses or due to the adulteration with Asian Cimicifuga preparations. In all European studies neither effects in the uterus nor in mammary glands were observed. The effective compounds in CR are most likely neurotransmitter-mimetic in nature: dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotoninergic and GABAergic effects were demonstrated and some have been structurally identified. We conclude that CR extracts at low doses are effective to ameliorate climacteric complaints but are devoid of adverse estrogenic effects. These finding strengthens the role of CR extracts as substitutes for HRT. This article is part of a special issue entitled: Special Issue on Phytoestrogens.
在绝经后妇女中，雌激素与孕激素联合应用对更年期症状和骨质疏松症有有益影响，但这种激素替代疗法（HRT）存在增加乳腺癌和心血管疾病的风险。低剂量的植物雌激素对更年期症状几乎没有影响，高剂量时则模拟雌激素的作用。因此，目前正在深入研究其他植物来源的物质。黑升麻根茎提取物（Cimicifuga racemosa=CR）不与雌激素受体结合，并且在体外对乳腺癌细胞以及去卵巢大鼠的乳腺和子宫组织学没有雌激素作用。此外，在该大鼠模型中，特殊提取物 CR BNO 1055 抑制了热潮红的发生和骨质疏松的发展。在绝经后妇女中，CR BNO 1055 可有效减轻主要更年期症状，与结合雌激素相当，且显著优于安慰剂。其他欧洲 CR 制剂也发表了类似数据，而 2 种美国制剂则无效。这很可能是由于剂量过高或与亚洲黑升麻制剂掺假所致。在所有欧洲研究中，均未观察到子宫或乳腺的作用。CR 中的有效化合物很可能具有神经递质模拟特性：表现出多巴胺能、去甲肾上腺素能、5-羟色胺能和 GABA 能作用，并且已经确定了一些结构。我们得出结论，CR 提取物低剂量有效改善更年期症状，但无不良雌激素作用。这些发现增强了 CR 提取物作为 HRT 替代品的作用。本文是一个特刊的一部分，题为：植物雌激素特刊。
