1. Combat Wound Initiative Program, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; 2. Diagnostics and Translational Research Center, Gaithersburg, MD, USA. ; 3. Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA.
J Cancer. 2013;4(3):227-40. doi: 10.7150/jca.5835. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major burden to healthcare systems worldwide accounting for approximately one million of new cancer cases worldwide. Even though, CRC mortality has decreased over the last 20 years, it remains the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality, accounting for approximately 600,000 deaths in 2008 worldwide. A multitude of risk factors have been linked to CRC, including hereditary factors, environmental factors and inflammatory syndromes affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, various pathogens were added to the growing list of risk factors for a number of common epithelial cancers, but despite the multitude of correlative studies, only suggestions remain about the possible relationship between selected viruses and bacteria of interest and the CRC risk. United States military service members are exposed to various risk factors impacting the incidence of cancer development. These exposures are often different from that of many sectors of the civilian population. Thereby, cancer risk identification, screening and early detection are imperative for both the military health care beneficiaries and the population as a whole. In this review, we will focus on several pathogens and their potential roles in development of CRC, highlighting the clinical trials evaluating this correlation and provide our personal opinion about the importance of risk reduction, health promotion and disease prevention for military health care beneficiaries.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球医疗体系的主要负担，占全球新发癌症病例的约 100 万例。尽管在过去的 20 年中，CRC 的死亡率有所下降，但它仍然是癌症相关死亡的第三大常见原因，占 2008 年全球约 60 万例死亡。许多危险因素与 CRC 相关，包括遗传因素、环境因素和影响胃肠道的炎症综合征。最近，许多病原体被添加到越来越多的常见上皮癌的危险因素列表中，但尽管有大量的相关性研究，只有一些建议仍然存在于某些感兴趣的病毒和细菌与 CRC 风险之间的可能关系。美国军人接触到各种影响癌症发展发生率的危险因素。这些暴露通常与许多平民群体不同。因此，癌症风险识别、筛查和早期检测对于军人医疗保健受益者和整个人群都是至关重要的。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注几种病原体及其在 CRC 发展中的潜在作用，强调评估这种相关性的临床试验，并提供我们对军人医疗保健受益者减少风险、促进健康和预防疾病的重要性的个人看法。
