Health Sciences, School of Nursing, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada.
J Adv Nurs. 2013 Nov;69(11):2401-12. doi: 10.1111/jan.12117. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
To report a concept analysis of nursing overtime.
Economic constraints have resulted in hospital restructuring with the aim of reducing costs. These processes often target nurse staffing (the largest organizational expense) by increasing usage of alternative staffing strategies including overtime hours. Overtime is a multifaceted, poorly defined, and indiscriminately used concept. Analysis of nursing overtime is an important step towards development and propagation of appropriate staffing strategies and rigorous research.
Concept analysis.
The search of electronic literature included indexes, grey literature, dictionaries, policy statements, contracts, glossaries and ancestry searching. Sources included were published between 1993-2012; dates were chosen in relation to increases in overtime hours used as a result of the healthcare structuring in the early 1990s. Approximately 65 documents met the inclusion criteria.
Walker and Avant's methodology guided the analysis.
Nursing overtime can be defined by four attributes: perception of choice or control over overtime hours worked; rewards or lack thereof; time off duty counts equally as much as time on duty; and disruption due to a lack of preparation. Antecedents of overtime arise from societal, organizational, and individual levels. The consequences of nursing overtime can be positive and negative, affecting organizations, nurses, and the patients they care for.
This concept analysis clarifies the intricacies surrounding nursing overtime with recommendations to advance nursing research, practice, and policies. A nursing-specific middle-range theory was proposed to guide the understanding and study of nursing overtime.
报告护理加班的概念分析。
经济限制导致医院进行结构重组，旨在降低成本。这些过程通常以增加使用替代人员配置策略（包括加班时间）为目标，针对护士人员配置（最大的组织支出）。加班是一个多方面的、定义不明确的、不加区分地使用的概念。对护理加班的分析是制定和推广适当人员配置策略和严格研究的重要步骤。
概念分析。
电子文献搜索包括索引、灰色文献、词典、政策声明、合同、词汇表和追溯搜索。包括的来源是在 1993 年至 2012 年期间发表的；选择日期是为了与 90 年代初由于医疗保健结构调整而导致加班时间增加有关。大约有 65 份文件符合纳入标准。
沃克和奥凡特的方法指导了分析。
护理加班可以通过四个属性来定义：对加班时间的选择或控制感；奖励或缺乏奖励；休息时间与工作时间同等重要；由于缺乏准备而导致的中断。加班的前因来自社会、组织和个人层面。护理加班的后果可能是积极的，也可能是消极的，影响到组织、护士和他们照顾的患者。
这项概念分析阐明了护理加班的复杂性，并提出了建议，以推进护理研究、实践和政策。提出了一个护理专用的中级理论，以指导对护理加班的理解和研究。
