BSN, RN, Oncology Specialist Nurse, King Abdullah Medical City, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
PhD, RN, Associate Professor, College of Nursing, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Nurs Res. 2019 Jun;27(3):e26. doi: 10.1097/jnr.0000000000000291.
The Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca, one of the largest mass gatherings in the world, is associated with various challenges for nurses. One of these challenges is increased levels of workplace violence. Therefore, handling and mitigating workplace violence against nurses during Hajj, when nurses face a higher risk of violence and most experience stress and burnout, is of particular importance.
The aims of this study were to identify the types and sources of workplace violence, examine the relationship between burnout in nurses and the variables of stress and workplace violence, and identify from the perspective of nurses measures to effectively handle and mitigate these issues during Hajj season.
This study used a descriptive correlational design. A convenience sample of 118 nurses completed the Perceived Stress Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the modified version of the Joint Programme on Workplace Violence in the Health Sector published by the International Labour Office in Geneva. Data analysis was done using an independent samples t test and Pearson product-moment correlation.
One hundred eighteen nurses completed the study. Over two thirds (65%) were female, and 56% reported experiencing at least one type of violence, of which bullying/mobbing, racial harassment, threats, and physical violence accounted for 61%, 15%, 12%, and 12%, respectively. Nurse managers displayed violent behaviors against 54% of the participants. Participants reported high levels of stress and burnout. A positive relationship was found between stress and emotional exhaustion (r = .387, p < .01). Providing effective security measures and staff training regarding how to deal with violence at the workplace were the main measures identified to help reduce workplace violence.
Providing effective security measures and tailored intervention programs addressing how to deal with violence in the workplace may enable nurses to handle violent behaviors more effectively.
麦加朝圣是世界上最大的群众集会之一，与护士面临的各种挑战有关。其中一个挑战是工作场所暴力的增加。因此，在朝觐期间处理和减轻针对护士的工作场所暴力非常重要，因为此时护士面临更高的暴力风险，大多数人会感到压力和精疲力竭。
本研究旨在确定工作场所暴力的类型和来源，研究护士倦怠与压力和工作场所暴力变量之间的关系，并从护士的角度确定在朝觐期间有效处理和减轻这些问题的措施。
本研究采用描述性相关设计。118 名护士完成了感知压力量表、马斯拉奇倦怠量表和日内瓦国际劳工组织发布的卫生部门工作场所暴力联合方案的修订版。数据分析采用独立样本 t 检验和皮尔逊积差相关。
118 名护士完成了研究。超过三分之二（65%）为女性，56%报告至少经历过一种类型的暴力，其中欺凌/骚扰、种族骚扰、威胁和身体暴力分别占 61%、15%、12%和 12%。护士管理者对 54%的参与者表现出暴力行为。参与者报告了高度的压力和倦怠。压力与情绪疲惫之间存在正相关关系（r =.387，p <.01）。提供有效的安全措施和有关如何应对工作场所暴力的员工培训是确定有助于减少工作场所暴力的主要措施。
提供有效的安全措施和针对如何应对工作场所暴力的干预计划可能使护士能够更有效地处理暴力行为。
