Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Australian Red Cross Blood Service, Melbourne, Australia.
Transfusion. 2013 Nov;53(11):2751-62. doi: 10.1111/trf.12144. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
Routine monitoring of trends in transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) is essential to maintaining and improving transfusion safety. Although periodic studies have been published there is no comprehensive trend analysis for TTIs in Australian donors. This study determined recent trends in TTIs for which testing is conducted in Australia and described key attributes of infected blood donors.
This is a retrospective analysis using data on donation testing for TTIs (2005-2010) from the national blood service donor database and data on postdonation interviews with TTI-positive donors (2008-2010) from a risk factor database incorporating responses to standardized interview questions. The study measured the prevalence and incidence of TTIs in Australia and assessed their time trends. Multivariate analysis of time trends was conducted using Poisson regression models.
Overall, the prevalence and incidence of TTIs in 2005 to 2010 remained low and steady. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus decreased (rate ratio [RR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.97) and the prevalence of active syphilis increased (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15-1.99) significantly during the study period. Prevalence of TTIs among Australian blood donors was substantially lower than that in the general population and no unique risk factors were identified in test-positive blood donors when compared with the general population.
Both the prevalence and the incidence of TTIs in Australian blood donors remained low, with a steady or declining trend for most infections except active syphilis. The lower prevalence of TTIs in blood donors compared with the general population reflects the effectiveness of donor education and donor selection measures in Australia.
常规监测输血传播感染（TTIs）的趋势对于维持和提高输血安全至关重要。尽管已经发表了一些定期研究报告，但澳大利亚献血者的 TTIs 没有全面的趋势分析。本研究旨在确定澳大利亚进行检测的 TTIs 的近期趋势，并描述感染献血者的关键特征。
这是一项回顾性分析，使用国家血液服务献血者数据库中关于 TTIs 检测（2005-2010 年）的数据和纳入标准化访谈问题的风险因素数据库中关于 TTI 阳性献血者的献血后访谈数据（2008-2010 年）。本研究测量了澳大利亚 TTIs 的患病率和发病率，并评估了它们的时间趋势。使用泊松回归模型对时间趋势进行多变量分析。
总体而言，2005 年至 2010 年 TTIs 的患病率和发病率保持较低且稳定。丙型肝炎病毒的患病率下降（率比 [RR]，0.93；95%置信区间 [CI]，0.89-0.97），活动性梅毒的患病率显著增加（RR，1.51；95%CI，1.15-1.99）。研究期间，澳大利亚献血者 TTIs 的患病率明显低于普通人群，与普通人群相比，在检测阳性的献血者中未发现独特的风险因素。
澳大利亚献血者 TTIs 的患病率和发病率均保持较低水平，除了活动性梅毒外，大多数感染呈稳定或下降趋势。与普通人群相比，献血者 TTIs 的较低患病率反映了澳大利亚在献血者教育和献血者选择措施方面的有效性。
