Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Caixa Postal 1429, 90619-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2013 Jun;67(3):560-77. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.02.021. Epub 2013 Mar 4.
Doradidae is a monophyletic catfish family endemic to continental South America, and composed of 93 valid species here placed in 31 genera. Existing phylogenetic hypotheses for Doradidae are derived from comprehensive analyses of morphological data, and a single molecular-based study on a limited subset of taxa. To provide a robust molecular phylogeny commensurate with those based on morphology, we gathered original and published sequence data for 86 species-level taxa (at least 70 valid species plus 16 new or questionably nominal species) and all genera of Doradidae, as well as 10 species (nine genera) of Auchenipteridae and three species and genera of Aspredinidae as outgroups. 3011 base pairs were aligned for two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, and 16S ribosomal RNA) and one nuclear gene (recombination activating gene 1), and analyzed for a total of 143 specimens (130 doradids, 10 auchenipterids and three aspredinids). Tree topologies generated by Maximum Parsimony, Maximum Likelihood, and Bayesian analyses were largely congruent, and are compared to existing phylogenies based on morphology and molecules. Although many of the relationships supported by our molecular analyses corroborated those based on morphology, others are newly hypothesized or remain in conflict. The monotypic Wertheimeria, Franciscodoras and Kalyptodoras, for example, form a newly proposed clade, and the subfamily Astrodoradinae is placed at the base of the doradid tree. The monotypic Doraops and Centrochir, endemic to Caribbean drainages north and west of the Andes, are sister to Pterodoras and Platydoras, respectively, two genera that are widely distributed in Atlantic drainages. Additional biogeographic implications are discussed for hypothesized relationships among doradids. Molecular evidence strongly supports synonymization of monotypic Merodoras with Amblydoras, and transfer of Amblydoras bolivarensis to genus Scorpiodoras. Furthermore, we consider Opsodoras ternetzi to be more properly placed in the genus Nemadoras. The genus Opsodoras may warrant synonymization with Hemidoras, and the monophyly of genus Ossancora is not supported; however, we refrain from taxonomic decisions regarding those taxa until a broader spectrum of doradids can be submitted to further morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.
多齿脂鲤科是单系的脂鲤科，分布于南美洲大陆，由 93 个有效种组成，分为 31 个属。现有的多齿脂鲤科系统发育假说来自于形态学数据的综合分析，以及一项针对有限数量分类群的单一基于分子的研究。为了提供与形态学相符的稳健的分子系统发育，我们收集了 86 个种级分类群（至少 70 个有效种加上 16 个新的或有疑问的名称种）和多齿脂鲤科的所有属，以及 10 个种（9 个属）的脂鲤科和 3 个种和属的脂鲤科作为外群。对两个线粒体基因（细胞色素 c 氧化酶亚基 1 和 16S 核糖体 RNA）和一个核基因（重组激活基因 1）进行了 3011 个碱基对的排列，并对总共 143 个标本（130 个多齿脂鲤科、10 个脂鲤科和 3 个脂鲤科）进行了分析。最大简约法、最大似然法和贝叶斯分析生成的树拓扑结构基本一致，并与基于形态和分子的现有系统发育进行了比较。虽然我们的分子分析支持的许多关系与形态学相符，但也有一些是新提出的或仍然存在冲突的。例如，单型的 Wertheimeria、Franciscodoras 和 Kalyptodoras 形成了一个新提出的分支，而 Astrodoradinae 亚科则位于多齿脂鲤科树的基部。单型的 Doraops 和 Centrochir，分布于安第斯山脉以北和以西的加勒比流域，分别与 Pterodoras 和 Platydoras 形成姐妹关系，而这两个属广泛分布于大西洋流域。对多齿脂鲤科之间假设的关系进行了额外的生物地理意义讨论。分子证据强烈支持将单型 Merodoras 与 Amblydoras 合并，并将 Amblydoras bolivarensis 转移到 Scorpiodoras 属。此外，我们认为 Opsodoras ternetzi 更适合归入 Nemadoras 属。Opsodoras 属可能需要与 Hemidoras 合并，而 Ossancora 属的单系性不支持；然而，我们在提交更多的多齿脂鲤科进行进一步的形态学和分子系统发育分析之前，暂不对此类分类群做出分类决定。
