Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Placenta Laboratory, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Germany.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2013 Nov;216(6):735-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.01.006. Epub 2013 Mar 7.
Some phthalates are endocrine disruptors and reproductive and developmental toxicants. Data on newborn phthalate exposure and elimination characteristics are scarce. We determined 21 urinary phthalate metabolites (indicating exposure to 11 parent phthalates) in two study approaches: in the first approach we collected the urine of 20 healthy newborns at days 2-5 post partum together with 47 urine samples of 7 women during pregnancy. In the second fine tuned approach we collected first urine samples of 9 healthy newborns together with their mother's urine shortly before birth. To ensure full and contamination free collection of the newborns first urines we used special adhesive urine bags for children. All urine samples revealed ubiquitous exposures to phthalates comparable to other populations. Metabolite levels in the newborns first day urine samples were generally lower than in all other samples. However, the newborns urines (both first and day 2-5 urines) showed a metabolite pattern distinctly different from the maternal and general population samples: in the newborns urines the carboxy-metabolites of the long chain phthalates (DEHP, DiNP, DiDP) were the by far dominant metabolites with a relative share in the metabolite spectrum up to 6 times higher than in maternal urine. Oppositely, for the short chain phthalates (DBP, DiBP) oxidized metabolites seemed to be less favored than the simple monoesters in the newborns urines. The skewed metabolite distribution in the newborns urine warrants further investigation in terms of early phthalate metabolism, the quantity of internal phthalate exposure of the fetus/newborn and its possible health effects.
一些邻苯二甲酸酯是内分泌干扰物和生殖发育毒物。关于新生儿邻苯二甲酸酯暴露和消除特征的数据很少。我们通过两种研究方法确定了 21 种尿邻苯二甲酸代谢物（表明接触了 11 种邻苯二甲酸酯母体）：在第一种方法中，我们在产后第 2-5 天收集了 20 名健康新生儿的尿液，同时收集了 7 名孕妇的 47 份尿液。在第二种精细调整的方法中，我们在新生儿出生前不久收集了 9 名健康新生儿及其母亲的第一份尿液。为了确保新生儿第一次尿液的完整和无污染采集，我们使用了特殊的儿童粘性尿袋。所有尿液样本均显示出普遍存在的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露，与其他人群相当。新生儿第一次尿液样本中的代谢物水平通常低于所有其他样本。然而，新生儿尿液（第一次和第 2-5 天的尿液）与母亲和一般人群样本的代谢物模式明显不同：在新生儿尿液中，长链邻苯二甲酸酯（DEHP、DiNP、DiDP）的羧酸代谢物是迄今为止最主要的代谢物，在代谢物谱中的相对份额比母亲尿液高 6 倍。相反，对于短链邻苯二甲酸酯（DBP、DiBP），氧化代谢物在新生儿尿液中似乎不如简单的单酯。新生儿尿液中代谢物分布的偏斜需要进一步研究，以了解早期邻苯二甲酸酯代谢、胎儿/新生儿内部邻苯二甲酸酯暴露的数量及其可能的健康影响。
