Department of Environmental Health Science, The University of Georgia, College of Public Health, Athens, GA, USA.
Chemosphere. 2010 Sep;80(11):1301-7. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.06.048. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
Phthalates are a group of phthalic acid esters which are used as plasticizers and additives. In laboratory animals, several phthalates are known endocrine disruptors. Several studies have described phthalate exposure in the United States and developed countries but little is known about phthalate exposure in the developing world, particularly during pregnancy. To assess exposure to six different phthalates, we measured the concentrations of nine phthalate metabolites in spot urine samples collected during the first, second, and third trimester of pregnancy from a group of 72 women living in Trujillo, Peru. Additionally, women completed questionnaires to provide demographic characteristics. Statistical analysis via linear models was used to evaluate potential differences in the concentrations of phthalate metabolites by trimester, cooking fuel type, socioeconomic status, and education. All metabolites were detected in>40% of samples analyzed, and mono-n-butyl phthalate, mono (2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate, and monoethyl phthalate were found in>90% of samples. Five of nine unadjusted urinary metabolites and four of nine creatinine-adjusted urinary metabolites were significantly lower in this group of pregnant women living in Peru compared to pregnant women in the US general population.
邻苯二甲酸酯是一组邻苯二甲酸酯，用作增塑剂和添加剂。在实验动物中，几种邻苯二甲酸酯是已知的内分泌干扰物。有几项研究描述了美国和发达国家的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露情况，但对发展中国家，特别是怀孕期间的邻苯二甲酸酯暴露情况知之甚少。为了评估六种不同邻苯二甲酸酯的暴露情况，我们测量了居住在秘鲁特鲁希略的 72 名妇女在怀孕第一、第二和第三孕期收集的尿样中 9 种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度。此外，妇女还完成了问卷调查，提供了人口统计学特征。通过线性模型进行的统计分析用于评估孕期、烹饪燃料类型、社会经济地位和教育等因素对邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度的潜在差异。在所分析的>40%的样本中均检测到所有代谢物，且>90%的样本中均检测到单丁基邻苯二甲酸酯、单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯和邻苯二甲酸单乙酯。与美国一般人群中的孕妇相比，在秘鲁的这组孕妇中，有 5 种未经调整的尿液代谢物和 4 种经肌酐调整的尿液代谢物明显较低。
