Australian National University, Australia.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 May;54:39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2013.02.002. Epub 2013 Feb 13.
Stereotype threat refers to the negative impact a stereotype about one's group can have on one's performance in domains relevant to the stereotype. In the current paper, we explore whether the negative stereotype of provisional license drivers (PLDs) might produce stereotype threat in a driving-related hazard perception task. We manipulate threat by asking participants to self-identify as PLDs in a categorization condition, or by reminding PLD participants explicitly of the stereotype of PLDs in an explicit stereotype condition. Results reveal increments in hazard perception in the categorization condition, and decrements in hazard perception in the explicit stereotype condition. Mediation analysis reveals that hazard perception performance is fully mediated by increased effort in the categorization condition and by decreased effort in the explicit stereotype condition. We discuss these findings in terms of their implications for stereotype threat and its mediators, and for public policy that explicitly discriminates between PLDs and other driver groups.
刻板印象威胁是指一个人所属群体的负面刻板印象对其在与刻板印象相关领域的表现产生的负面影响。在当前的论文中，我们探讨了临时驾照驾驶员（PLD）的负面刻板印象是否会在与驾驶相关的危险感知任务中产生刻板印象威胁。我们通过让参与者在分类条件下自我认同为 PLD 来操纵威胁，或者通过在明确的刻板印象条件下明确提醒 PLD 参与者刻板印象来操纵威胁。结果显示，在分类条件下，危险感知能力提高，而在明确的刻板印象条件下，危险感知能力下降。中介分析表明，在分类条件下，危险感知表现完全受努力增加的影响，而在明确的刻板印象条件下，危险感知表现完全受努力减少的影响。我们根据这些发现讨论了它们对刻板印象威胁及其中介因素的意义，以及对明确区分 PLD 和其他驾驶员群体的公共政策的意义。
