Spatial Ecology and Landuse Unit, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, United Kingdom.
J Environ Manage. 2013 Apr 15;119:103-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2012.12.050. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
Built development is one of the main drivers of biodiversity loss in the UK. Major built developments usually require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) to be conducted, which frequently includes an Ecological Impact Assessment (EcIA) chapter. By identifying the flaws in EcIA mitigation measure proposals and their implementation in completed developments, it may be possible to develop measures to reduce biodiversity loss and help meet the UK's EU obligation to halt biodiversity loss by 2020. A review of 112 English EcIAs from 2000 onwards was conducted to provide a broad-scale overview of the information provision and detail of ecological mitigation measures. Audits of seven EIA development case study sites provided finer-scale detail of mitigation measure implementation, and the effectiveness of their grassland and marginal habitat creation and management measures was assessed using standard NVC methodology. Despite higher than expected levels of mitigation measure implementation in completed developments, EcIA mitigation proposal information and detail has seen little improvement since a 1997 review, and the effectiveness of the habitat mitigation measures studied was poor. This suggests that measures to improve ecological mitigation measures are best targeted at ecological consultants. A recommendation for EcIA-specific training of Competent Authorities is also made.
建筑开发是英国生物多样性丧失的主要驱动因素之一。大型建筑开发项目通常需要进行环境影响评估（EIA），其中经常包括生态影响评估（EcIA）章节。通过识别生态影响评估缓解措施建议中的缺陷及其在已完成开发项目中的实施情况，可能开发出减少生物多样性丧失的措施，并有助于满足英国到 2020 年停止生物多样性丧失的欧盟义务。对 2000 年以来的 112 项英国 EcIAs 进行了审查，以提供生态缓解措施信息提供和详细程度的广泛概述。对七个 EIA 开发案例研究地点的审计提供了缓解措施实施的更详细信息，并且使用标准 NVC 方法评估了其草地和边缘生境创建和管理措施的有效性。尽管在已完成的开发项目中实施缓解措施的水平高于预期，但自 1997 年审查以来，生态影响评估缓解建议信息和详细程度几乎没有改善，并且研究的生境缓解措施的效果不佳。这表明，改善生态缓解措施的措施最好针对生态顾问。还建议对主管当局进行专门的生态影响评估培训。
