Brenseke Bonnie, Prater M Renee, Bahamonde Javiera, Gutierrez J Claudio
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; Department of Pathology, Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Buies Creek, NC 27506, USA.
J Pregnancy. 2013;2013:368461. doi: 10.1155/2013/368461. Epub 2013 Feb 14.
Chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Although the metabolic syndrome has been defined in various ways, the ultimate importance of recognizing this combination of disorders is that it helps identify individuals at high risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Evidence from observational and experimental studies links adverse exposures in early life, particularly relating to nutrition, to chronic disease susceptibility in adulthood. Such studies provide the foundation and framework for the relatively new field of developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Although great strides have been made in identifying the putative concepts and mechanisms relating specific exposures in early life to the risk of developing chronic diseases in adulthood, a complete picture remains obscure. To date, the main focus of the field has been on perinatal undernutrition and specific nutrient deficiencies; however, the current global health crisis of overweight and obesity demands that perinatal overnutrition and specific nutrient excesses be examined. This paper assembles current thoughts on the concepts and mechanisms behind the DOHaD as they relate to maternal nutrition, and highlights specific contributions made by macro- and micronutrients.
2型糖尿病和心血管疾病等慢性病是全球死亡和残疾的主要原因。尽管代谢综合征有多种定义方式，但认识到这种疾病组合的最终重要性在于它有助于识别患2型糖尿病和心血管疾病风险较高的个体。观察性和实验性研究的证据表明，生命早期的不良暴露，尤其是与营养相关的暴露，与成年期慢性病易感性有关。此类研究为相对较新的健康与疾病发育起源（DOHaD）领域提供了基础和框架。尽管在确定与生命早期特定暴露相关的成年期慢性病发病风险的假定概念和机制方面已经取得了很大进展，但全貌仍不清晰。迄今为止，该领域的主要重点一直是围产期营养不良和特定营养素缺乏；然而，当前全球超重和肥胖的健康危机要求对围产期营养过剩和特定营养素过量进行研究。本文汇集了当前关于DOHaD与孕产妇营养相关的概念和机制的思考，并强调了宏量营养素和微量营养素的具体作用。
