Ortega Anta R M, González-Rodríguez L G, Jiménez Ortega A I, Estaire Gómez P, Rodríguez-Rodríguez E, Perea Sánchez J M, Aparicio Vizuete A
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, España.
Nutr Hosp. 2012 Sep-Oct;27(5):1437-43. doi: 10.3305/nh.2012.27.5.5900.
Different studies have observed deficiencies in vitamin D in a high percentage of schoolchildren, highlighting the importance of this problem in sunny populations, such as Spain, where this situation is frequently underestimated.
To assess the adequacy of vitamin D intake and to find out the food sources of the vitamin in a representative sample of Spanish schoolchildren.
A sample of 903 children (7 to 11 years) was studied. Ten Spanish cities were selected to be a representative sample of the Spanish schoolchildren population. Dietetic study was carried out using a three-day food record, including a Sunday. Vitamin D was compared to that recommended (RI) and energy intake was compared with energy expenditure estimated by measuring physical activity level. Weight and height were recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated.
Vitamin D intake (2.49 ± 0.64 [iμ/day) allowed cover only 49.7% of the RI of the children. It was below of 100% of RI in 99.9% of the children, and in 78.7% it was below of 67% of RI. The vitamin intake was lower in girls, those younger than 7 years and in children with obesity than in boys, those older than 7 years and in children with normal weight. The main sources of the vitamin were eggs (28.12%), cereals (24.23%), fish (20.06%) and milk (14.42%).
Vitamin D intake is inadequate in Spanish schoolchildren between 7 and 11 years. Taking into account that the consumption of foods which are the main source of vitamin D (fish, eggs, cereals, dairy products) is often lower than the recommended, approximating the diet to the theoretical ideal could help to improve the contribution of the vitamin.
不同的研究发现，很大比例的学童存在维生素D缺乏的情况，这凸显了这个问题在阳光充足地区（如西班牙）的重要性，而在西班牙，这种情况常常被低估。
评估西班牙学童代表性样本中维生素D的摄入量是否充足，并找出该维生素的食物来源。
对903名7至11岁的儿童进行了研究。选取了西班牙的10个城市，作为西班牙学童人口的代表性样本。采用为期三天的食物记录（包括一个周日）进行饮食研究。将维生素D摄入量与推荐摄入量（RI）进行比较，并将能量摄入量与通过测量身体活动水平估算的能量消耗进行比较。记录体重和身高，并计算体重指数（BMI）。
维生素D摄入量（2.49±0.64 [iμ/天]）仅能满足儿童推荐摄入量的49.7%。99.9%的儿童摄入量低于推荐摄入量的100%，78.7%的儿童摄入量低于推荐摄入量的67%。女孩、7岁以下儿童和肥胖儿童的维生素摄入量低于男孩、7岁以上儿童和体重正常的儿童。该维生素的主要来源是鸡蛋（28.12%）、谷物（24.23%）、鱼类（20.06%）和牛奶（14.42%）。
7至11岁的西班牙学童维生素D摄入量不足。鉴于维生素D的主要食物来源（鱼类、鸡蛋、谷物、乳制品）的消费量通常低于推荐量，使饮食接近理论理想水平有助于提高维生素的摄入量。
