Ortega Anta Rosa María, González Rodríguez Liliana G, Navia Lombán Beatriz, Perea Sánchez José Miguel, Aparicio Vizuete Aránzazu, López Sobaler Ana María
Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid.
Nutr Hosp. 2013 Mar-Apr;28(2):306-13. doi: 10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6286.
The accelerated bone demineralization that occurs during the menopause is very conditioned by the intake of calcium and vitamin D, therefore, the aim of the study is examine the adequacy of the diet regarding these nutrients in a menopausal women group.
A representative sample of the Spanish woman population with ages ranging from 17 to 60 years (n = 547), selected from 10 provinces was studied. The group of 108 menopausal women (45-60 years) is given priority attention. The dietary study was performed using a 3-day diet record. Weight and height were measured and then body mass index (BMI) was calculated.
Calcium intake (992.1 ± 340.7 mg/day) was lower than the recommended intakes (RI) in 79.6% of the menopausal women (MW) (lower than 67% of the RI in the 30.6%). Vitamin D intake (3.08 ± 3.6 μg/day) was even more unfavorable, since the contribution was 61.1% of the RI in MW, an 85.2% of them do not meet the RI and a 75.9% do not meet the 67% of the RI. A 72.6% of the studied women (68.5% of MW) do not meet the RI for calcium neither for vitamin D, while only the 4.0% of them meet the RI for both nutrients (3.7 of MW). Using a logistic regression analysis to examine the dietary modification that may be favorable to meet the RI for calcium and vitamin D simultaneously, having into account the influence of age and BMI, it is observed that the main factor is the consumption of dairy products [OR = 0.188 (0.108-0.327; p < 0.001)] and the same influence is observed when only menopausal women are analyzed [OR= 0.252 (0.067-0.946; p < 0.05)]. It is observed a decreased of BMI when the density of diet in calcium (r = -0.10) and in the vitamin D (r = -0.099) is increased, which suggested a possible role of these nutrients in weight control.
A high proportion of the studied women have intakes of calcium and vitamin D lower than the recommended intakes and given that only a 3.7% of the menopausal women have adequate intakes for both nutrients, it is necessary to adopt urgent measures aimed to protect the bone health of the Spanish female population.
绝经期间发生的加速骨质流失很大程度上受钙和维生素D摄入量的影响，因此，本研究的目的是调查一组绝经女性饮食中这些营养素的充足程度。
对从10个省份选取的年龄在17至60岁之间的西班牙女性人群（n = 547）的代表性样本进行了研究。优先关注108名年龄在45至60岁之间的绝经女性。通过3天饮食记录进行饮食研究。测量体重和身高，然后计算体重指数（BMI）。
79.6%的绝经女性钙摄入量（992.1±340.7毫克/天）低于推荐摄入量（RI）（30.6%的人低于RI的67%）。维生素D摄入量（3.08±3.6微克/天）更不理想，因为绝经女性的摄入量仅为RI的61.1%，其中85.2%的人未达到RI，75.9%的人未达到RI的67%。72.6%的受试女性（68.5%的绝经女性）钙和维生素D的摄入量均未达到RI，而只有4.0%的人两种营养素的摄入量均达到RI（绝经女性中为3.7%）。在考虑年龄和BMI影响的情况下，使用逻辑回归分析来研究可能有利于同时达到钙和维生素D推荐摄入量的饮食调整，结果发现主要因素是乳制品的消费[比值比（OR）= 0.188（0.108 - 0.327；p < 0.001）]，仅分析绝经女性时也观察到了同样的影响[OR = 0.252（0.067 - 0.946；p < 0.05）]。当饮食中钙（r = -0.10）和维生素D（r = -0.099）的密度增加时，BMI下降，这表明这些营养素在体重控制中可能发挥作用。
很大比例的受试女性钙和维生素D的摄入量低于推荐摄入量，鉴于只有3.7%的绝经女性两种营养素的摄入量充足，有必要采取紧急措施来保护西班牙女性人群的骨骼健康。
