Hobson-Webb Lisa D, Padua Luca, Martinoli Carlo
Duke University Medical Center, Department of Neurology , Durham, NC 27710 , USA +1 919 668 2277 ; +1 919 660 3853 ;
Expert Opin Med Diagn. 2012 Sep;6(5):457-71. doi: 10.1517/17530059.2012.692904. Epub 2012 Jun 14.
High-resolution ultrasound (US) of the peripheral nerves is now a standard means of assessing neuromuscular disorders in many centers. Currently used in conjunction with electrodiagnostic (EDX) studies, nerve US is especially effective in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathies.
This article reviews the basic physics of peripheral nerve US, guidelines for its current use and future directions. Advantages of using nerve US alongside EDX studies are outlined along with current limitations of testing. The role of US in the diagnosis of entrapment neuropathy is emphasized, particularly in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). US assisted diagnosis of peripheral nerve tumors, hereditary neuropathy and dysimmune neuropathy and traumatic injuries is also described.
US is a powerful tool in the assessment of peripheral nerve disease. Nerve US is an evolving, young discipline. There is still much to learn, but current evidence supports US imaging of all patients presenting for evaluation of possible mononeuropathy. With improvements in resolution, the introduction of US contrast agents and objective measures of nerve echogenicity, there is promise for further expanding its role in the diagnosis of all peripheral neuropathies.
在许多中心，外周神经的高分辨率超声（US）现已成为评估神经肌肉疾病的标准手段。目前，神经超声与电诊断（EDX）研究结合使用，在诊断卡压性神经病方面特别有效。
本文回顾了外周神经超声的基本物理学原理、当前使用指南和未来方向。概述了将神经超声与EDX研究一起使用的优点以及当前检测的局限性。强调了超声在诊断卡压性神经病中的作用，特别是在腕管综合征（CTS）中。还描述了超声辅助诊断外周神经肿瘤、遗传性神经病、免疫性神经病和创伤性损伤。
超声是评估外周神经疾病的有力工具。神经超声是一门不断发展的年轻学科。仍有许多需要学习的地方，但目前的证据支持对所有因可能的单神经病前来评估的患者进行超声成像检查。随着分辨率的提高、超声造影剂的引入以及神经回声的客观测量方法，有望进一步扩大其在所有外周神经病诊断中的作用。
