Fein S, Hilton J L, Miller D T
Research Center for Group Dynamics, University of Michigan.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1990 May;58(5):753-64. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.58.5.753.
Three studies examined the hypothesis that when perceivers learn of the existence of multiple, plausibly rival motives for an actor's behavior, they are less likely to fall prey to the correspondence bias than when they learn of the existence of situational factors that may have constrained the actor's behavior. In the first 2 studies, Ss who learned that an actor was instructed to behave as he did drew inferences that corresponded to his behavior. In contrast, Ss who were led to suspect that an actor's behavior may have been motivated by a desire to ingratiate (Study 1), or by a desire to avoid an unwanted job (Study 2), resisted the correspondence bias. The 3rd study demonstrated that these differences were not due to a general unwillingness on the part of suspicious perceivers to make dispositional inferences. The implications that these results have for understanding attribution theory are discussed.
当观察者了解到一个行为者的行为存在多种看似合理的竞争动机时，相较于了解到可能限制该行为者行为的情境因素时，他们更不容易受到对应偏差的影响。在前两项研究中，那些得知行为者是按照指示行事的被试做出了与他的行为相符的推断。相比之下，那些被引导去怀疑一个行为者的行为可能是出于讨好的欲望（研究1），或者是出于避免一份不理想工作的欲望（研究2）的被试则抵制了对应偏差。第三项研究表明，这些差异并非是由于持怀疑态度的观察者普遍不愿意做出特质推断。文中讨论了这些结果对于理解归因理论的意义。
