Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2013 Apr;17(4):172-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Although human thinking is often biased, some individuals are less susceptible to biases than others. These individual differences have been at the forefront of thinking research for more than a decade. We organize the literature in three key accounts (storage, monitoring, and inhibition failure) and propose that a critical but overlooked question concerns the time point at which individual variance arises: do biased and unbiased reasoners take different paths early on in the reasoning process or is the observed variance late to arise? We discuss how this focus on the 'whens' suggests that individual differences in thinking biases are less profound than traditionally assumed, in the sense that they might typically arise at a later stage of the reasoning process.
尽管人类思维常常存在偏见，但有些人比其他人更少受到偏见的影响。这些个体差异在思维研究中已经有十多年的历史了。我们将文献分为三个关键方面（存储、监测和抑制失败），并提出一个关键但被忽视的问题，即个体差异出现的时间点：有偏见和无偏见的推理者是否在推理过程的早期就走了不同的路径，还是观察到的差异出现得较晚？我们讨论了这种对“何时”的关注如何表明，思维偏见的个体差异并不像传统上假设的那样深刻，因为它们可能通常出现在推理过程的后期。
