Nephrology Division, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013 Aug;28(8):2003-10. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft036. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Adenoviruses are common pathogens that have the potential to cause opportunistic infections with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised hosts. The significance of adenoviral infection and disease is incompletely known in the setting of kidney transplantation. Reported adenovirus infections in renal transplant recipients have typically manifested as hemorrhagic cystitis and tubulointerstitial nephritis, less severe diseases than often seen in other solid organ transplant recipients (i.e. pneumonia, hepatitis and enteritis). The prevalent adenovirus subgroups associated with cystitis and nephritis are B1 and B2 with the serotypes 7, 11, 34, 35. However, disseminated or severe adenovirus infections, including fatal cases, have been described in renal transplant recipients. There is uncertainty regarding monitoring of and treatment of this virus. Although not supported by randomized clinical trials, cidofovir is used for the treatment of adenovirus disease not responding to reduction of immunosuppression.
腺病毒是常见的病原体，在免疫功能低下的宿主中，有引发机会性感染的可能性，具有较高的发病率和死亡率。在肾移植患者中，腺病毒感染和疾病的意义尚不完全清楚。在肾移植受者中，腺病毒感染通常表现为出血性膀胱炎和肾小管间质性肾炎，比其他实体器官移植受者（如肺炎、肝炎和肠炎）中常见的疾病要轻。与膀胱炎和肾炎相关的流行腺病毒亚群是 B1 和 B2，血清型为 7、11、34、35。然而，在肾移植受者中，已描述了播散性或严重的腺病毒感染，包括致命病例。对于这种病毒的监测和治疗存在不确定性。虽然没有随机临床试验支持，但在不能通过降低免疫抑制来治疗腺病毒疾病时，使用更昔洛韦治疗。
