National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2013 Jul;65(1):149-70. doi: 10.1007/s00244-013-9878-4. Epub 2013 Mar 14.
Numerous studies have reported on the global distribution, persistence, fate, and toxicity of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). However, studies on PFASs in terrestrial mammals are scarce. Rats can be good sentinels of human exposure to toxicants because of their habitat, which is in close proximity to humans. Furthermore, exposure data measured for rats can be directly applied for risk assessment because many toxicological studies use rodent models. In this study, a nationwide survey of PFASs in the blood of wild rats as well as surface water samples collected from rats' habitats from 47 prefectures in Japan was conducted. In addition to known PFASs, combustion ion chromatography technique was used for analysis of total fluorine concentrations in the blood of rats. In total, 216 blood samples representing three species of wild rats (house rat, Norway rats, and field mice) were analyzed for 23 PFASs. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS; concentration range <0.05-148 ng/mL), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA; <0.1-157), perfluorododecanoate (<0.05-5.8), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA; <0.05-51), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA; <0.05-9.7), perfluorononanoate (PFNA; <0.05-249), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) (<0.05-60) were detected >80 % of the blood samples. Concentrations of several PFASs in rat blood were similar to those reported for humans. PFSAs (mainly PFOS) accounted for 45 % of total PFASs, whereas perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs), especially PFUnDA and PFNA, accounted for 20 and 10 % of total PFASs, respectively. In water samples, PFCAs were the predominant compounds with PFOA and PFNA found in >90 % of the samples. There were strong correlations (p < 0.001 to p < 0.05) between human population density and levels of PFOS, PFNA, PFOA, and PFOSA in wild rat blood.
已有大量研究报告了全氟烷基和多氟烷基物质 (PFASs) 的全球分布、持久性、归宿和毒性。然而，关于陆地哺乳动物中 PFASs 的研究却很少。由于其栖息地与人类非常接近，因此大鼠可以作为人类暴露于有毒物质的良好哨兵。此外，由于许多毒理学研究使用啮齿动物模型，因此可以直接应用大鼠测量的暴露数据进行风险评估。在这项研究中，对来自日本 47 个都道府县的野生大鼠血液中的 PFASs 以及大鼠栖息地的地表水样本进行了全国范围的调查。除了已知的 PFASs 之外，还使用燃烧离子色谱技术分析了大鼠血液中的总氟浓度。总共分析了代表三种野生大鼠（家鼠、褐家鼠和田鼠）的 216 个血液样本，共 23 种 PFASs。全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS；浓度范围 <0.05-148ng/mL)、全氟辛烷磺酰胺 (PFOSA；<0.1-157)、全氟癸酸 (<0.05-5.8)、全氟十一烷酸 (PFUnDA；<0.05-51)、全氟十二烷酸 (PFDA；<0.05-9.7)、全氟壬酸 (PFNA；<0.05-249) 和全氟辛酸 (PFOA) (<0.05-60) 在超过 80%的血液样本中被检测到。大鼠血液中几种 PFASs 的浓度与人类报告的浓度相似。PFSAs（主要是 PFOS）占总 PFASs 的 45%，而全氟烷基羧酸 (PFCAs)，尤其是 PFUnDA 和 PFNA，分别占总 PFASs 的 20%和 10%。在水样中，PFCAs 是主要的化合物，超过 90%的样品中都检测到 PFOA 和 PFNA。在野生大鼠血液中，PFOS、PFNA、PFOA 和 PFOSA 与人的人口密度之间存在很强的相关性 (p<0.001 到 p<0.05)。
