State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
Environ Int. 2013 Sep;59:389-97. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.06.026. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Fourteen perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) including short-chain perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, C4-C6) and perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs, C4 and C6) were measured in surface sediment samples from 26 stations collected in 2008 and sediment core samples from three stations (Niagara, Mississauga, and Rochester basins) collected in 2006 in Lake Ontario. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluorononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA) were detected in all 26 surface sediment samples, whereas perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA), perfluorododecanoate (PFDoDA) and perfluorobutanoate (PFBA) were detected in over 70% of the surface sediment samples. PFOS was detected in all of the sediment core samples (range: 0.492-30.1ngg(-1) d.w.) over the period 1952-2005. The C8 to C11 PFCAs, FOSA, and PFBA increased in early 1970s. An overall increasing trend in sediment PFAS concentrations/fluxes from older to more recently deposited sediments was evident in the three sediment cores. The known PFCAs and PFSAs accounted for 2-44% of the anionic fraction of the extractable organic fluorine in surface sediment, suggesting that a large proportion of fluorine in this fraction remained unknown. Sediment core samples collected from Niagara basin showed an increase in unidentified organic fluorine in recent years (1995-2006). These results suggest that the use and manufacture of fluorinated organic compounds other than known PFCAs and PFSAs has diversified and increased.
在安大略湖的 26 个站位采集的表层沉积物样本和 2006 年在尼亚加拉、密西沙加和罗彻斯特盆地采集的 3 个站位的沉积物芯中，检测到了 14 种全氟烷基物质（PFAS），包括短链全氟羧酸（PFCAs，C4-C6）和全氟烷磺酸（PFSAs，C4 和 C6）。所有 26 个表层沉积物样本中均检测到全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）、全氟辛酸（PFOA）、全氟壬酸（PFNA）、全氟癸酸（PFDA）和全氟十一烷酸（PFUnDA），而超过 70%的表层沉积物样本中检测到全氟己烷磺酸（PFHxS）、全氟辛烷磺酰胺（FOSA）、全氟十二烷酸（PFDoDA）和全氟丁烷磺酸（PFBA）。1952-2005 年期间，在所有的沉积物芯中均检测到 PFOS（浓度范围：0.492-30.1ngg(-1) d.w.）。C8 到 C11 的 PFCAs、FOSA 和 PFBA 在 20 世纪 70 年代早期有所增加。在这三个沉积物芯中，从较老的沉积物到最近沉积的沉积物中，PFAS 浓度/通量呈总体增加趋势。表层沉积物中可萃取有机氟的阴离子部分，已知的 PFCAs 和 PFSAs 占 2-44%，这表明这部分氟的很大一部分仍未被发现。近年来，在尼亚加拉盆地采集的沉积物芯中，未识别的有机氟含量有所增加（1995-2006 年）。这些结果表明，除了已知的 PFCAs 和 PFSAs 之外，其他含氟有机化合物的使用和制造已经多样化和增加。
