Yeung Leo W Y, Miyake Yuichi, Li Peng, Taniyasu Sachi, Kannan Kurunthachalam, Guruge Keerthi S, Lam Paul K S, Yamashita Nobuyoshi
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 16-1 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan.
Anal Chim Acta. 2009 Mar 2;635(1):108-14. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.01.004. Epub 2009 Jan 9.
The widespread occurrence and environmental persistence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) received worldwide attention recently. Exhaustive analysis of all fluorinated compounds in an environmental sample can be daunting because of the constraints in the availability of analytical standards and extraction methods. Combustion ion chromatographic technique for trace fluorine analysis was used to assess the concentrations of known PFCs (e.g., PFOS, PFOA) and total fluorine (TF) in the blood of wild rats collected from Japan. The technique was further validated using tissues from PFOA-exposed rats. Six PFCs (PFOS, PFOSA, PFUnDA, PFDA, PFNA, and PFOA) were detected in all of the wild rat blood samples. Concentrations of extractable organic fluorine (EOF) in fraction 1 (Fr1; MTBE extraction) of wild rats ranged 60.9-134 ng F mL(-1), while those in fraction 2 (Fr2; hexane) were below LOQ (32 ng F mL(-1)); TF concentrations in the blood of wild rats ranged from 59.9-192 ng F mL(-1). The contribution of known PFCs in EOF-Fr1 (MTBE) varied from 9% to 89% (56% on average), and known PFC concentrations in TF content were less than 25%. In contrast, TF concentrations in the blood of PFOA-exposed rats ranged from 46900 to 111,000 ng F mL(-1), with PFOA contributing over 90% of TF. A comparison of results from the samples analyzed in this study and the literature revealed three distinct groups with PFOA/known PFC and TF levels (i.e., wild rats and general population, occupationally exposed workers, and PFOA-exposed laboratory rats). The mass balance analysis of the different forms of fluorine in blood suggested the presence of other forms of organic fluorine in addition to known PFCs.
全氟化合物（PFCs）在环境中的广泛存在及其持久性最近受到了全球关注。由于分析标准品和提取方法的限制，对环境样品中所有含氟化合物进行详尽分析可能具有挑战性。采用燃烧离子色谱技术进行痕量氟分析，以评估从日本采集的野生大鼠血液中已知全氟化合物（如全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛酸）和总氟（TF）的浓度。该技术通过使用全氟辛酸暴露大鼠的组织进一步验证。在所有野生大鼠血液样本中均检测到六种全氟化合物（全氟辛烷磺酸、全氟辛烷磺酰胺、全氟壬酸、全氟癸酸、全氟萘酸和全氟辛酸）。野生大鼠第1部分（Fr1；甲基叔丁基醚萃取）中可萃取有机氟（EOF）的浓度范围为60.9 - 134 ng F mL⁻¹，而第2部分（Fr2；己烷）中的浓度低于定量限（32 ng F mL⁻¹）；野生大鼠血液中的总氟浓度范围为59.9 - 192 ng F mL⁻¹。已知全氟化合物在EOF - Fr1（甲基叔丁基醚）中的贡献从9%到89%不等（平均为56%），已知全氟化合物在总氟含量中的浓度低于25%。相比之下，全氟辛酸暴露大鼠血液中的总氟浓度范围为46900至111000 ng F mL⁻¹，全氟辛酸占总氟的比例超过90%。本研究分析的样本结果与文献比较显示，根据全氟辛酸/已知全氟化合物和总氟水平可分为三个不同组（即野生大鼠和普通人群、职业暴露工人以及全氟辛酸暴露的实验大鼠）。血液中不同形式氟的质量平衡分析表明，除了已知的全氟化合物外，还存在其他形式的有机氟。
