Centre for Research on Occupational and Life Stress, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland.
Int J Psychophysiol. 2013 Oct;90(1):37-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.02.006. Epub 2013 Mar 13.
Recent years have seen a growing interest in evidence indicating that a low, or blunted, cardiovascular response to stress may predict increased risk for a range of adverse health outcomes. Type D personality has been associated with poor health in cardiac patients, and more recently, has been associated with lower reactivity to laboratory stress in healthy individuals, underpinned by an increase in vascular responding. Previous findings have also demonstrated that partial sleep restriction is characterised by a robust vascular profile. However, despite the fact that a vascular response profile underpins both reactivity in sleep restricted adults and blunted reactivity in healthy Type D adults, limited empirical work has examined the correlates of sleep restriction and Type D. The present study sought to investigate if manipulation of sleep duration in healthy Type D and non-Type D individuals would alter cardiovascular reactivity to stress, and in particular whether such manipulation could elucidate the comparative nature of blunting. Seventy female university students completed a laboratory social stress task while undergoing continuous hemodynamic monitoring, after either a night of partial sleep restriction or a full night's rest. In both groups, Type D participants exhibited relatively low SBP stress responses, consistent with the view that at-risk groups show blunting in (some indices of) cardiovascular reactivity. For non-Type D participants, low SBP responses were observed only in participants who had undergone sleep restriction, suggesting that sleep-restriction served as an environmental stressor which precipitated in non-Type D persons a cardiovascular stress response resembling that ordinarily seen in Type D persons. This blunted response was associated with an increase in vascular responding. Thus, the findings suggest that blunting is characterised not only by reductions in some (frequently studied) cardiovascular parameters, but also by increases in others.
近年来，人们越来越关注这样一种证据，即心血管对压力的反应较低或迟钝可能预示着一系列不良健康后果的风险增加。D 型人格与心脏病患者的健康状况不佳有关，最近，与健康个体对实验室压力的反应性降低有关，其基础是血管反应增加。先前的研究结果还表明，部分睡眠限制的特点是血管状况良好。然而，尽管睡眠受限的成年人的血管反应特征和健康的 D 型成年人的反应迟钝都有一个血管反应特征作为支撑，但实证研究很少探讨睡眠限制和 D 型人格的相关性。本研究旨在调查在健康的 D 型和非 D 型个体中，睡眠时间的调整是否会改变对压力的心血管反应性，特别是这种调整是否可以阐明反应迟钝的本质。70 名女大学生在进行连续血流动力学监测的同时，完成了一项实验室社会压力任务，在此之前，她们经历了一夜的部分睡眠限制或一夜的充分休息。在这两组中，D 型参与者的 SBP 应激反应相对较低，这与高危人群在（某些心血管反应性指标）中表现出反应迟钝的观点一致。对于非 D 型参与者，只有在经历过睡眠限制的参与者中才观察到 SBP 反应较低，这表明睡眠限制作为一种环境应激源，在非 D 型个体中引发了类似于通常在 D 型个体中观察到的心血管应激反应。这种迟钝的反应与血管反应的增加有关。因此，研究结果表明，反应迟钝的特征不仅表现在某些（经常研究的）心血管参数的降低，还表现在其他参数的增加。
