London E D, Cascella N G, Wong D F, Phillips R L, Dannals R F, Links J M, Herning R, Grayson R, Jaffe J H, Wagner H N
Addiction Research Center, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Md.
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1990 Jun;47(6):567-74. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1990.01810180067010.
We examined the effects of cocaine hydrochloride (40 mg intravenously) on regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose and on subjective self-reports of eight polydrug abusers in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. The regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose was measured by the [fluorine 18]-fluorodeoxyglucose method, using positron emission tomography. With eyes covered, subjects listened to a tape that presented white noise, "beep" prompts, and questions about subjective effects of cocaine or saline. Cocaine produced euphoria and reduced glucose utilization globally (mean reduction, 14%). Twenty-six of 29 brain regions (all neocortical areas, basal ganglia, portions of the hippocampal formation, thalamus, and midbrain) showed significant decrements (5% to 26%) in the regional cerebral metabolic rate for glucose. No significant effects of cocaine were observed in the pons, the cerebellar cortex, or the vermis. Right-greater-than-left hemispheric asymmetry of regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose occurred in the lateral thalamus. The findings demonstrate that reduced cerebral metabolism is associated with cocaine-induced euphoria.
在一项双盲、安慰剂对照、交叉研究中，我们检测了盐酸可卡因（静脉注射40毫克）对8名多药滥用者的局部脑葡萄糖代谢率以及主观自我报告的影响。采用正电子发射断层扫描术，通过[氟18] - 氟脱氧葡萄糖法测量局部脑葡萄糖代谢率。受试者蒙上眼睛，听一盘播放白噪声、“哔哔”提示音以及关于可卡因或生理盐水主观效应问题的磁带。可卡因产生欣快感，并使整体葡萄糖利用率降低（平均降低14%）。29个脑区中的26个（所有新皮质区、基底神经节、海马结构部分、丘脑和中脑）局部脑葡萄糖代谢率出现显著下降（5%至26%）。在脑桥、小脑皮质或小脑蚓部未观察到可卡因的显著效应。在外侧丘脑，局部脑葡萄糖代谢率出现右半球大于左半球的不对称性。这些发现表明，脑代谢降低与可卡因诱发的欣快感有关。
