Wong Heong-Ieng, Audira Gilbert, Chen Hsiu-Chao, Feng Wen-Wei, Suryanto Michael Edbert, Saputra Ferry, Kurnia Kevin Adi, Casuga Franelyne P, Hsiao Chung-Der, Hung Chih-Hsin
Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Da-Shu District, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
Ucheers Clinic, No. 156, Weixin St., Zuoying Dist., Kaohsiung 813018, Taiwan.
Toxicol Rep. 2025 Feb 25;14:101977. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101977. eCollection 2025 Jun.
Dimethomorph is a systematic fungicide that inhibits sterol synthesis in fungi and unfortunately, there was only scarce data regarding its toxicity. Therefore, considering its extensive application in agriculture and its presence in food residues and the environment, its toxicities in non-target organisms, including aquatic animals, are required to be evaluated since they are sensitive indicators of ecological change. In this study, we evaluated the toxicities of dimethomorph after chronic exposure to adult zebrafish () by conducting various behavioral assays, a passive avoidance test, and biochemical assays by ELISA. From the results, ∼ 2 weeks exposure to dimethomorph caused lower locomotion, aggressiveness, and conspecific social interaction, and more robust predator avoidance behaviors. Furthermore, alterations in color preferences and short-term memory loss were also observed in the treated fish. In helping to elucidate the mechanism, the expression level of several important neurotransmitters in the brain tissue was measured. Interestingly, increment in several biomarkers, including serotonin, kisspeptin, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine was observed in the treated group along with a slight increase in other tested neurotransmitters, which were catalase, acetylcholine, and melatonin, which might play a role in the observed behavior alterations. Nevertheless, the results from the current study suggested possible alterations in the central nervous system by dimethomorph, and thus, consideration is required prior to the usage of this fungicide in the agricultural fields surrounding natural freshwater reservoirs.
烯酰吗啉是一种系统性杀菌剂，可抑制真菌中的甾醇合成，遗憾的是，关于其毒性的数据非常稀少。因此，考虑到其在农业中的广泛应用以及在食品残渣和环境中的存在，由于非靶标生物（包括水生动物）是生态变化的敏感指标，所以需要评估其对非靶标生物的毒性。在本研究中，我们通过进行各种行为测定、被动回避试验以及酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）的生化测定，评估了成年斑马鱼长期暴露于烯酰吗啉后的毒性。结果表明，暴露于烯酰吗啉约2周会导致运动能力、攻击性和同种社会互动降低，以及更强的捕食者回避行为。此外，在处理后的鱼中还观察到颜色偏好改变和短期记忆丧失。为了有助于阐明其机制，我们测量了脑组织中几种重要神经递质的表达水平。有趣的是，在处理组中观察到几种生物标志物的增加，包括血清素、亲吻素、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺，同时其他测试的神经递质（过氧化氢酶、乙酰胆碱和褪黑素）也略有增加，这可能在观察到的行为改变中起作用。然而，当前研究的结果表明烯酰吗啉可能会使中枢神经系统发生改变，因此，在天然淡水水库周边的农业领域使用这种杀菌剂之前需要加以考虑。
