Policy Research Unit in Policy Innovation Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, 15-17 Tavistock Place, London WC1H 9SH, UK.
Health Policy. 2013 May;110(2-3):186-97. doi: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.02.009. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
A scoping review was conducted to synthesise the findings of evaluations of voluntary agreements between business and government. It aimed to summarise the types of agreements that exist, how they work in practice, the conditions for their success and how they had been evaluated.
Voluntary agreements were included if they involved a transparent signing-up process and where businesses agreed to carry out specific actions or to achieve specific outcomes. Studies of any design published in English were included.
47 studies were identified. Voluntary agreements may help to improve relationships between government and business, and can help both parties agree on target-setting and data-sharing. Governments may also use the experience to help develop subsequent legislation. For voluntary agreements to be successful, targets should be ambitious and clearly defined, with robust independent monitoring. Public knowledge of agreements can help encourage participation and ensure compliance.
If properly implemented and monitored, voluntary agreements can be an effective policy approach, though there is little evidence on whether they are more effective than compulsory approaches. Some of the most effective voluntary agreements include substantial disincentives for non-participation and sanctions for non-compliance. Many countries are moving towards these more formal approaches to voluntary agreements.
本研究通过范围综述，对企业与政府间自愿协议的评估结果进行综合分析。旨在总结现存协议的类型、实际运作方式、成功条件以及评估方法。
纳入研究需满足以下条件：透明的签约流程；企业同意执行具体行动或实现具体成果。纳入所有设计类型的英文发表研究。
共纳入 47 项研究。自愿协议有助于改善政府与企业间的关系，并帮助双方就目标设定和数据共享达成一致。政府也可以利用经验帮助制定后续立法。为了使自愿协议取得成功，目标应该具有野心且明确，并进行严格的独立监测。公众对协议的了解有助于鼓励参与并确保合规。
如果实施和监测得当，自愿协议可能是一种有效的政策方法，但几乎没有证据表明其比强制性方法更有效。一些最有效的自愿协议包括对不参与的实质性惩罚和对不遵守的制裁。许多国家正在朝着更正式的自愿协议方法发展。
