Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58108, USA.
J Anim Sci. 2013 Jun;91(6):2628-39. doi: 10.2527/jas.2012-5953. Epub 2013 Mar 18.
To investigate effects of nutritional plane and Se supply during gestation on neonatal offspring visceral organ mass and intestinal growth and vascularity, 84 nulliparous Rambouillet ewes (age = 240 ± 17 d, BW = 52.1 ± 6.2 kg) were allocated to a 2 × 3 factorial design. Ewes were fed 1 of 2 Se diets [adequate Se (ASe, 11.5 µg/kg BW) or high Se (HSe, 77.0 µg/kg BW)], initiated at breeding, and 1 of 3 nutritional planes [60% (restricted; RES), 100% (control; CON), or 140% (high; HIH) of NRC requirements], initiated at d 40 of gestation. Ewes were fed individually and remained on treatments through parturition. All lambs were removed from their dams at birth and fed milk replacer. At 20.6 ± 0.9 d of age, lambs were necropsied, visceral organs dissected, and jejunal samples collected. Lambs born to ewes fed CON and HIH had greater (P < 0.05) BW, gastrointestinal tract, stomach complex, and liver masses at necropsy than RES. Large intestinal and pancreatic masses, as well as stomach complex, large intestinal, and liver proportional masses, demonstrated (P ≤ 0.08) a nutritional plane × Se supply interaction. Proportional pancreatic mass was greater (P = 0.03) for lambs born to RES ewes than HIH. Although small intestinal mass was not affected (P ≥ 0.18) by gestational treatments, lambs born to HIH-fed ewes had greater (P ≤ 0.09) jejunal DNA concentration than RES and CON, and greater (P = 0.01) total DNA than RES. Nutritional plane and Se supply interacted to affect (P ≤ 0.003) jejunal percent proliferation and total proliferating small intestinal cells, although jejunal crypt depth and villus length were not affected by gestational treatment (P ≥ 0.17). Jejunal glucagon-like peptide-2 mRNA expression was greater (P ≤ 0.07) in lambs born to ewes fed RES compared with CON and HIH. Jejunal capillary size was affected (P = 0.09) by the interaction of nutritional plane × Se supply. Lambs from CON ewes had greater (P ≤ 0.04) jejunal capillary surface density than RES. Nutritional plane and Se supply interacted to affect (P = 0.07) jejunal soluble guanylate cyclase mRNA expression in a manner opposite of capillary size. In conclusion, neonatal lamb visceral organ mass was affected by gestational nutrition, even when lambs had ad libitum intake and similar management postnatally. Despite similar small intestinal mass at 20 d of age, jejunal growth, vascularity, and gene expression were altered by maternal nutrition during gestation.
为了研究妊娠期间营养水平和硒供应对新生后代内脏器官质量、肠道生长和血管生成的影响，将 84 只初产的无角陶赛特羊（年龄=240±17d，体重=52.1±6.2kg）分配到 2×3 析因设计中。母羊在配种时开始摄入 2 种硒日粮中的 1 种[适量硒（ASe，11.5μg/kg BW）或高硒（HSe，77.0μg/kg BW）]，并在妊娠第 40 天开始摄入 3 种营养水平中的 1 种[60%（限制；RES）、100%（对照；CON）或 140%（高；HIH）NRC 需求]。母羊单独喂养，并在分娩时继续接受治疗。所有羔羊在出生时都与母羊分离，并喂给代乳料。在 20.6±0.9d 时，对羔羊进行剖检，解剖内脏器官，并采集空肠样本。与 RES 相比，CON 和 HIH 组母羊所产羔羊的 BW、胃肠道、胃复合体和肝脏质量在剖检时更大（P＜0.05）。大肠和胰腺质量，以及胃复合体、大肠和肝脏比例质量，表现出（P≤0.08）营养水平×硒供应的互作。与 HIH 组相比，RES 组母羊所产羔羊的胰腺比例更大（P=0.03）。尽管妊娠期处理对小肠质量没有影响（P≥0.18），但 HIH 组母羊所产羔羊的空肠 DNA 浓度高于 RES 和 CON 组，总 DNA 也高于 RES 组（P=0.01）。营养水平和硒供应相互作用，影响（P≤0.003）空肠的增殖百分比和总增殖小肠细胞，尽管妊娠期处理不影响空肠隐窝深度和绒毛长度（P≥0.17）。与 CON 和 HIH 相比，RES 组母羊所产羔羊的空肠胰高血糖素样肽-2mRNA 表达更高（P≤0.07）。空肠绒毛蛋白 2mRNA 表达受营养水平×硒供应互作的影响（P=0.07）。CON 组母羊所产羔羊的空肠毛细血管表面积密度大于 RES 组（P≤0.04）。营养水平和硒供应相互作用，以与毛细血管大小相反的方式影响（P=0.07）空肠可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶 mRNA 表达。总之，即使羔羊在产后有自由采食和相似的管理，妊娠期间的营养也会影响新生羔羊的内脏器官质量。尽管在 20 日龄时小肠质量相似，但妊娠期的母体营养会改变空肠的生长、血管生成和基因表达。
