Laczika Klaus, Graber Oliver P, Tucek Gerhard, Lohninger Alfred, Fliri Nikolaus, Berka-Schmid Gertraud, Masel Eva K, Zielinski Christoph C
Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine 1, Division of Palliative Care, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, Vienna 1090, Austria.
Multidiscip Respir Med. 2013 Mar 19;8(1):23. doi: 10.1186/2049-6958-8-23.
Synchronisation/coupling between respiratory patterns and musical structure.
Healthy professional musicians and members of the audience were studied during a performance of W.A. Mozart's Piano Concerto KV 449. Electrocardiogram (ECG)/Heart Rate Variability (HRV) data recording (Schiller: Medilog®AR12, ECG-channels: 3, sampling rate: 4096 Hz, 16 Bit) was carried out and a simultaneous synchronized high definition video/audio recording was made. The breathing-specific data were subsequently extracted using Electrocardiogram-derived respiration (EDR; Software: Schiller medilog®DARWIN) from the HRV data and overlaid at the same time onto the musical score using FINALE 2011 notation software and the GIMP 2.0 graphics programme. The musical score was graphically modified graphically so that the time code of the breathing signals coincided exactly with the notated musical elements. Thus a direct relationship could be produced between the musicians' breathing activity and the musical texture. In parallel with the medical/technical analysis, a music analysis of the score was conducted with regard to the style and formal shaping of the composition.
It was found that there are two archetypes of ideally typical breathing behaviour in professional musicians that either drive the musical creation, performance and experience or are driven by the musical structure itself. These archetypes also give rise to various states of synchronisation and regulation between performers, audience and the musical structure.
There are two archetypes of musically-induced breathing which not only represent the identity of music and human physiology but also offer new approaches for multidisciplinary respiratory medicine.
呼吸模式与音乐结构之间的同步/耦合。
在演奏W.A.莫扎特的《第449号钢琴协奏曲》期间，对健康的专业音乐家和观众进行了研究。进行了心电图（ECG）/心率变异性（HRV）数据记录（席勒：Medilog®AR12，心电图通道：3，采样率：4096Hz，16位），并同时进行了同步高清视频/音频录制。随后使用从HRV数据中提取的心电图衍生呼吸（EDR；软件：席勒medilog®DARWIN）提取呼吸特定数据，并使用FINALE 2011记谱软件和GIMP 2.0图形程序将其同时叠加到乐谱上。对乐谱进行图形修改，使呼吸信号的时间码与记谱的音乐元素完全一致。因此，可以在音乐家的呼吸活动与音乐织体之间建立直接关系。在进行医学/技术分析的同时，对乐谱进行了关于作品风格和形式塑造的音乐分析。
发现专业音乐家中存在两种理想典型的呼吸行为原型，它们要么驱动音乐创作、表演和体验，要么由音乐结构本身驱动。这些原型还导致了表演者、观众和音乐结构之间的各种同步和调节状态。
存在两种音乐诱发呼吸的原型，它们不仅代表了音乐与人类生理学的特性，还为多学科呼吸医学提供了新的方法。
