van Putten G
Institut für Tierzuchtforschung Schoonoord.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 1990 Apr;97(4):146-8.
A sow can cope better with a husbandry system if a new situation is in accordance with her expectations and if she has been prepared sufficiently for the social and technical problems, she will have to face. In relation with applied ethology this means, that a sow should be prepared adequately for a group-housing system of pregnant sows, by a previous establishment of the social hierarchy in her (sub)group; a previous training in operating the feeding station; providing a part of the house where she is safe for aggressive other sows; providing two simultaneous and undisturbed meals of roughage per day for all sows; providing appropriate possibilities for locomotory and for exploratory behaviour. For a farrowing house are the following provisions required: the lying places (farrowing nest) shall be clearly distinguishable for the sows; sufficient long straw for allowing satisfactory nest building shall be present in the nests; a sow shall be able to turn around in the farrowing nest; the sows shall be able to ly in a position with their heads close together; the feeding station shall be in the nearest proximity; the piglets shall be able to mix gradually after their first week of life.
如果新环境符合母猪的预期，并且母猪已为其将面临的社会和技术问题做好充分准备，那么它就能更好地适应养殖系统。从应用动物行为学的角度来看，这意味着，对于怀孕母猪的群体饲养系统，应该让母猪提前在其（子）群体中建立社会等级制度，从而为其做好充分准备；提前对母猪进行操作喂食站的训练；在猪舍内提供一部分对具有攻击性的其他母猪来说安全的区域；每天为所有母猪同时提供两顿不受干扰的粗饲料；提供适当的运动和探索行为的机会。对于产房，需要满足以下条件：产床（产仔窝）对母猪来说应清晰可辨；产窝中应有足够长的稻草，以便母猪能满意地筑巢；母猪应能在产仔窝中转身；母猪应能头部靠近地躺卧；喂食站应距离产仔窝最近；仔猪出生第一周后应能逐渐混群。
