Animal Breeding and Genetics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, AH, The Netherlands.
Heredity (Edinb). 2014 Jan;112(1):61-9. doi: 10.1038/hdy.2013.15. Epub 2013 Mar 20.
Indirect genetic effects (IGE) occur when the genotype of an individual affects the phenotypic trait value of another conspecific individual. IGEs can have profound effects on both the magnitude and the direction of response to selection. Models of inheritance and response to selection in traits subject to IGEs have been developed within two frameworks; a trait-based framework in which IGEs are specified as a direct consequence of individual trait values, and a variance-component framework in which phenotypic variance is decomposed into a direct and an indirect additive genetic component. This work is a selective review of the quantitative genetics of traits affected by IGEs, with a focus on modelling, estimation and interpretation issues. It includes a discussion on variance-component vs trait-based models of IGEs, a review of issues related to the estimation of IGEs from field data, including the estimation of the interaction coefficient Ψ (psi), and a discussion on the relevance of IGEs for response to selection in cases where the strength of interaction varies among pairs of individuals. An investigation of the trait-based model shows that the interaction coefficient Ψ may deviate considerably from the corresponding regression coefficient when feedback occurs. The increasing research effort devoted to IGEs suggests that they are a widespread phenomenon, probably particularly in natural populations and plants. Further work in this field should considerably broaden our understanding of the quantitative genetics of inheritance and response to selection in relation to the social organisation of populations.
当个体的基因型影响另一个同种个体的表型特征值时，就会发生间接遗传效应 (IGE)。IGE 对选择反应的幅度和方向都有深远的影响。在受到 IGE 影响的特征的遗传和选择反应模型是在两个框架内发展起来的；一种是基于特征的框架，其中 IGE 被指定为个体特征值的直接后果，另一种是方差分量框架，其中表型方差被分解为直接和间接加性遗传分量。这项工作是对受 IGE 影响的特征的数量遗传学的选择性综述，重点是建模、估计和解释问题。它包括对基于特征和基于方差分量的 IGE 模型的讨论，对从现场数据估计 IGE 相关问题的回顾，包括相互作用系数 Ψ（psi）的估计，以及对相互作用强度在个体对之间变化的情况下 IGE 对选择反应的相关性的讨论。对基于特征的模型的研究表明，当反馈发生时，相互作用系数 Ψ 可能与相应的回归系数有很大的偏差。对 IGE 的研究投入不断增加，表明它们是一种普遍现象，可能特别是在自然种群和植物中。这一领域的进一步工作应该大大拓宽我们对与种群社会结构有关的遗传和选择反应的数量遗传学的理解。
