Smith Michael M, Lucas Alexander R, Hamlin Robert L, Devor Steven T
Department of Human Sciences - Kinesiology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2015;60(4):347-62. doi: 10.3233/CH-131708.
This study examined the relationship between hematocrit, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and fibrinogen concentration during maximal oxygen uptake in aerobically trained (AT) and resistance trained (RT) athletes. Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using a Bruce graded exercise treadmill test to exhaustion, and blood samples were collected at rest and immediately following exercise using a venous catheter. Viscometric analyses were performed using a cone and plate viscometer at varying shear rates. Hematocrit was measured as the fraction of erythrocytes suspended in plasma following centrifugation. Erythrocyte rigidity was estimated using the Dintenfass index of red blood cell rigidity. Following maximal treadmill exercise, an increase of blood viscosity at varying shear rates (22.50, 45.00, 90.00, and 225.00 s- 1; P < 0.05) was observed in RT athletes only. Plasma viscosity @ 225.00 s- 1 (1.88 ± 0.09 vs. 1.78 ± 0.03 mPa.s; P < 0.05), erythrocyte rigidity (0.52 ± 0.08 vs. 0.40 ± 0.09; P < 0.05), and plasma fibrinogen (434 ± 7 vs. 295 ± 25 mg/dL; P < 0.01) were all significantly greater in RT than AT athletes following maximal exercise. In summary, AT, but not RT, is associated with a hemorheological profile that promotes both oxygen transport and delivery. The results indicate that hematocrit alone should not be the focus of training and ergogenic supplementation to increase aerobic performance.
本研究考察了有氧训练（AT）和抗阻训练（RT）运动员在最大摄氧量期间血细胞比容、血液粘度、血浆粘度、红细胞变形能力和纤维蛋白原浓度之间的关系。使用布鲁斯分级运动平板试验评估最大摄氧量，直至力竭，通过静脉导管在静息状态和运动结束后立即采集血样。使用锥板粘度计在不同剪切速率下进行粘度分析。血细胞比容通过离心后悬浮在血浆中的红细胞比例来测量。红细胞刚性通过丁滕法斯红细胞刚性指数进行估计。在最大平板运动后，仅在RT运动员中观察到不同剪切速率（22.50、45.00、90.00和225.00 s-1；P < 0.05）下血液粘度增加。在最大运动后，RT运动员在225.00 s-1时的血浆粘度（1.88±0.09 vs. 1.78±0.03 mPa·s；P < 0.05）、红细胞刚性（0.52±0.08 vs. 0.40±0.09；P < 0.05）和血浆纤维蛋白原（434±7 vs. 295±25 mg/dL；P < 0.01）均显著高于AT运动员。总之，AT而非RT与促进氧气运输和输送的血液流变学特征相关。结果表明，仅血细胞比容不应成为训练和使用增强剂补充以提高有氧运动表现的重点。
