School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland.
School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Nutrients. 2019 Mar 24;11(3):696. doi: 10.3390/nu11030696.
Minerals and trace elements (MTEs) are micronutrients involved in hundreds of biological processes. Deficiency in MTEs can negatively affect athletic performance. Approximately 50% of athletes have reported consuming some form of micronutrient supplement; however, there is limited data confirming their efficacy for improving performance. The aim of this study was to systematically review the role of MTEs in exercise and athletic performance. Six electronic databases and grey literature sources (MEDLINE; EMBASE; CINAHL and SportDISCUS; Web of Science and clinicaltrials.gov) were searched, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Results: 17,433 articles were identified and 130 experiments from 128 studies were included. Retrieved articles included Iron ( = 29), Calcium ( = 11), Magnesium, ( = 22), Phosphate ( = 17), Zinc ( = 9), Sodium ( = 15), Boron ( = 4), Selenium ( = 5), Chromium ( = 12) and multi-mineral articles ( = 5). No relevant articles were identified for Copper, Manganese, Iodine, Nickel, Fluoride or Cobalt. Only Iron and Magnesium included articles of sufficient quality to be assigned as 'strong'. Currently, there is little evidence to support the use of MTE supplementation to improve physiological markers of athletic performance, with the possible exception of Iron (in particular, biological situations) and Magnesium as these currently have the strongest quality evidence. Regardless, some MTEs may possess the potential to improve athletic performance, but more high quality research is required before support for these MTEs can be given. PROSPERO preregistered (CRD42018090502).
矿物质和微量元素（MTE）是参与数百种生物过程的微量营养素。MTE 缺乏会对运动表现产生负面影响。大约有 50%的运动员报告服用过某种形式的微量营养素补充剂；然而，证实其提高运动表现的功效的数据有限。本研究旨在系统地审查 MTE 在运动和运动表现中的作用。根据 PRISMA 指南，检索了六个电子数据库和灰色文献来源（MEDLINE；EMBASE；CINAHL 和 SportDISCUS；Web of Science 和 clinicaltrials.gov）。结果：确定了 17433 篇文章，并纳入了 128 项研究中的 130 项实验。检索到的文章包括铁（=29）、钙（=11）、镁（=22）、磷酸盐（=17）、锌（=9）、钠（=15）、硼（=4）、硒（=5）、铬（=12）和多种矿物质文章（=5）。没有关于铜、锰、碘、镍、氟化物或钴的相关文章。只有铁和镁的文章质量足够高，可以被归类为“强”。目前，几乎没有证据支持使用 MTE 补充剂来提高运动表现的生理标志物，除了铁（特别是在生物学情况下）和镁，因为这些目前有最强的质量证据。无论如何，一些 MTE 可能具有提高运动表现的潜力，但在支持这些 MTE 之前，需要更多高质量的研究。PROSPERO 预先注册（CRD42018090502）。
