Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964, USA.
Science. 2013 Mar 22;339(6126):1416-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1232887.
Catastrophic landslides involve the acceleration and deceleration of millions of tons of rock and debris in response to the forces of gravity and dissipation. Their unpredictability and frequent location in remote areas have made observations of their dynamics rare. Through real-time detection and inverse modeling of teleseismic data, we show that landslide dynamics are primarily determined by the length scale of the source mass. When combined with geometric constraints from satellite imagery, the seismically determined landslide force histories yield estimates of landslide duration, momenta, potential energy loss, mass, and runout trajectory. Measurements of these dynamical properties for 29 teleseismogenic landslides are consistent with a simple acceleration model in which height drop and rupture depth scale with the length of the failing slope.
灾难性滑坡是指数百万吨的岩石和碎屑在重力和耗散作用下的加速和减速。由于其不可预测性以及经常发生在偏远地区，因此对其动力学的观测很少。通过对远地震数据的实时检测和反演建模，我们表明滑坡动力学主要取决于源质量的长度尺度。当与卫星图像的几何约束相结合时，地震确定的滑坡力历史可以估算出滑坡持续时间、动量、势能损失、质量和滑落轨迹。对 29 次远震触发滑坡的这些动力学特性的测量结果与一个简单的加速度模型一致，在该模型中，下降高度和破裂深度与失稳边坡的长度成正比。
