Wiegand S, Babitsch B
Interdisziplinäres Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum der Charité-Kinderklinik, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2013 Apr;56(4):543-50. doi: 10.1007/s00103-012-1640-y.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is higher in children and adolescents with a migrational background. However, if the country of origin is taken into account, the picture of these differences becomes more complex and more heterogeneous. Predictors for obesity and the ethnic differences are manifold and can be roughly differentiated into cultural, social and individual causes as well as into causes related to the process of acculturation. There are special problems in the long-term health care of obese adolescents with a migrational background. The most important are (1) treatment delay, (2) different concepts of a healthy (problematic) body weight, (3) barriers in diagnostics and treatment of rare secondary disorders and (4) puberty-related changes in lifestyle (increased media use, decreased physical activity and unfavourable daily routines). Therapeutic approaches are only sustainable and effective when the underlying concepts are multiprofessional and multimodal, and are embedded into the family and cultural contexts. Adolescents with a migrational background need culture-adapted nutrition, exercise and media consumption counselling. Such offers have to be (further) developed in accordance with family background, with youth culture and adolescent stage of development.
有移民背景的儿童和青少年中超重和肥胖的患病率更高。然而，如果考虑到原籍国，这些差异的情况就会变得更加复杂和多样。肥胖的预测因素和种族差异是多方面的，大致可分为文化、社会和个人原因以及与文化适应过程相关的原因。有移民背景的肥胖青少年的长期医疗保健存在特殊问题。最重要的问题包括：（1）治疗延迟；（2）对健康（有问题）体重的不同观念；（3）罕见继发性疾病诊断和治疗中的障碍；（4）与青春期相关的生活方式变化（媒体使用增加、身体活动减少和不良的日常习惯）。只有当基本理念是多专业、多模式的，并融入家庭和文化背景时，治疗方法才可持续且有效。有移民背景的青少年需要适合文化的营养、运动和媒体消费咨询。此类服务必须根据家庭背景、青年文化和青少年发育阶段（进一步）加以发展。
