起搏器和植入式心脏除颤器患者的三尖瓣反流：全面综述。
Tricuspid regurgitation in patients with pacemakers and implantable cardiac defibrillators: a comprehensive review.
机构信息
Department Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.
出版信息
Clin Cardiol. 2013 May;36(5):249-54. doi: 10.1002/clc.22104. Epub 2013 Mar 25.
Abstract
Implantable cardiac devices, including defibrillators and pacemakers, may be the cause of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) or may worsen existing TR. This review of the literature suggests that TR usually occurs over time after lead implantation. Diagnosis by clinical exam and 2-dimensional echocardiography may be augmented by 3-dimensional echocardiography and/or computed tomography. The mechanism may be mechanical perforation or laceration of leaflets, scarring and restriction of leaflets, or asynchronized activation of the right ventricle. Pacemaker-related TR might cause severe right-sided heart failure, but data regarding associated mortality are lacking. This comprehensive review summarizes the data regarding incidence, mechanism, and treatment of lead-related TR.
摘要
植入式心脏装置，包括除颤器和起搏器，可能是三尖瓣反流（TR）的原因，也可能使现有的 TR 恶化。对文献的回顾表明，TR 通常在植入导线后随着时间的推移而发生。临床检查和二维超声心动图的诊断可通过三维超声心动图和/或计算机断层扫描来增强。其机制可能是机械穿孔或瓣叶撕裂、瓣叶瘢痕和限制、或右心室不同步激活。与起搏器相关的 TR 可能导致严重的右侧心力衰竭，但缺乏相关死亡率的数据。本综述总结了与导线相关的 TR 的发生率、机制和治疗的数据。
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