Evans-Osses Ingrid, de Messias-Reason Iara, Ramirez Marcel I
Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Parasitas e Vetores, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, 21040-900 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
ScientificWorldJournal. 2013;2013:675898. doi: 10.1155/2013/675898. Epub 2013 Feb 21.
The innate immune system is evolutionary and ancient and is the pivotal line of the host defense system to protect against invading pathogens and abnormal self-derived components. Cellular and molecular components are involved in recognition and effector mechanisms for a successful innate immune response. The complement lectin pathway (CLP) was discovered in 1990. These new components at the complement world are very efficient. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin not only recognize many molecular patterns of pathogens rapidly to activate complement but also display several strategies to evade innate immunity. Many studies have shown a relation between the deficit of complement factors and susceptibility to infection. The recently discovered CLP was shown to be important in host defense against protozoan microbes. Although the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by MBL and Ficolins reveal efficient complement activations, an increase in deficiency of complement factors and diversity of parasite strategies of immune evasion demonstrate the unsuccessful effort to control the infection. In the present paper, we will discuss basic aspects of complement activation, the structure of the lectin pathway components, genetic deficiency of complement factors, and new therapeutic opportunities to target the complement system to control infection.
固有免疫系统进化古老，是宿主防御系统抵御入侵病原体和异常自身成分的关键防线。细胞和分子成分参与成功的固有免疫反应的识别和效应机制。补体凝集素途径（CLP）于1990年被发现。补体领域的这些新成分非常高效。甘露聚糖结合凝集素（MBL）和纤维胶凝蛋白不仅能快速识别病原体的多种分子模式以激活补体，还展示了多种逃避固有免疫的策略。许多研究表明补体因子缺陷与感染易感性之间存在关联。最近发现的CLP在宿主抵御原生动物微生物方面很重要。尽管MBL和纤维胶凝蛋白对病原体相关分子模式的识别显示出有效的补体激活，但补体因子缺陷的增加和寄生虫免疫逃避策略的多样性表明控制感染的努力并不成功。在本文中，我们将讨论补体激活的基本方面、凝集素途径成分的结构、补体因子的遗传缺陷以及针对补体系统控制感染的新治疗机会。
