Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology (IBE), Chair for Public Health and Health Services Research, Medical Faculty, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany.
Front Public Health. 2023 Aug 2;11:1201215. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1201215. eCollection 2023.
An EU-funded project in five countries examined vulnerability mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team in Germany concentrated on people living at the intersection of migration and precariousness. The study aimed first to provide an understanding of how migrants living in precarious conditions in Munich had been affected by the pandemic, both from their own and from experts' perspectives. The second aim was to develop action recommendations to reduce structural vulnerabilities and increase resilience with a view towards improved pandemic preparedness.
The study followed a two-phase process. The first was a qualitative study based on interviews with 25 migrants and 13 experts. In the second, researchers developed action recommendations based on the vulnerability/ resilience factors that had been generated in the first phase. Three consecutive meetings with stakeholders (expert panel, focus group discussion with two migrant organization, meeting with the Munich Migration Council) were then held to further strengthen the draft recommendations.
Content analysis revealed twelve vulnerability and eight resilience factors in three domains (COVID-19 prevention; human rights, living and housing environment; social support). Migrants had limited access to COVID-19 prevention measures; living conditions made outbreaks inevitable; uncertainty about legal status, employment, and housing, as well as stigma and discrimination, exacerbated their precariousness; social support had decreased; and resilience mechanisms had failed. The initial draft of recommendations contained 24 proposed actions. The meetings added recommendations such as enhancing psychosocial support, preventing ghettoization, improving social housing, preventing the interruption of language education in times of crisis, severe penalties for media stigmatisation and proactive truth-telling. The final list included 30 actions.
In Munich, the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated vulnerability mechanisms commonly associated with being a migrant. The recommendations developed here speak to those vulnerabilities but need to be refined further to be more actionable and comprehensive. Nonetheless, the recommendations and the processes that led to them highlight the importance of migrant-inclusive approaches and empowerment in increasing migrants' resilience to future crises.
一个由欧盟资助的五个国家的项目研究了 COVID-19 大流行期间的脆弱性机制。德国的研究团队专注于移民和不稳定处境之间的交叉点上的人。该研究的目的首先是从自身和专家的角度了解生活在慕尼黑不稳定条件下的移民是如何受到大流行的影响的。第二个目的是制定行动建议，以减少结构性脆弱性并提高弹性，以期更好地为大流行做准备。
该研究遵循两阶段的过程。第一阶段是一项基于对 25 名移民和 13 名专家进行访谈的定性研究。在第二阶段，研究人员根据第一阶段产生的脆弱性/恢复力因素制定行动建议。然后，与利益相关者（专家小组、两个移民组织的焦点小组讨论、与慕尼黑移民委员会的会议）举行了三次连续会议，以进一步加强建议草案。
内容分析揭示了三个领域（COVID-19 预防、人权、生活和住房环境、社会支持）中的 12 个脆弱性和 8 个恢复力因素。移民获得 COVID-19 预防措施的机会有限；居住条件使疫情不可避免；法律地位、就业和住房的不确定性，以及耻辱和歧视，加剧了他们的不稳定状况；社会支持减少；恢复力机制失败。建议草案最初包含 24 项拟议行动。会议增加了一些建议，如加强心理社会支持、防止隔离、改善社会住房、在危机时期防止中断语言教育、对媒体污名化行为进行严厉处罚以及积极说实话。最终清单包括 30 项行动。
在慕尼黑，COVID-19 大流行加剧了与移民相关的常见脆弱性机制。这里制定的建议涉及这些脆弱性，但需要进一步完善，以使其更具可操作性和全面性。尽管如此，这些建议以及导致这些建议的过程强调了包容移民的方法和赋权对于提高移民应对未来危机的能力的重要性。
